Nitrinergic Nerves Controlling Pacemaker Activities of the Inner Sublayer (P-layer) in the Canine Proximal Colon Circular Muscles.

Nahar, Niru Shamsun; Chowdhury, Jalal Uddin; Tokuno, Hiroyuki; Tomita, Tadao; Torihashi, Shigeko; Iino, Satoshi; Kobayashi, Shigeru

doi:10.1679/aohc.59.37

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The results indicated that in circular smooth muscle of the rat P-region, TNS produced inhibitory responses, with predominantly LPC in comparison with SPC. The inhibitory responses produced by TNS were antagonized by L-NA, suggesting that the mediator was mainly NO, as was the case in the guinea-pig (Nahar et al, 1996) or dog (Keef et al, 2002). This was supported by the evidence that the phasic contractions were inhibited by SNP, an NO donor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Modulation of the activity of two pacemakers by transmural nerve stimulation in circular smooth muscle preparations isolated from the rat proximal colon

Kato

Nakamura²,

Imaeda

et al. 2009

J. Smooth Muscle Res.

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Circular smooth muscle preparations isolated from the rat proximal colon periodically generated two different amplitudes and frequencies of phasic contractions: large phasic contractions (LPC) with a frequency of about 1.5 times/min and small phasic contractions (SPC) with a frequency of about 9 times/min. Preparations with no attached longitudinal smooth muscle layer (and also myenteric layer) generated SPC alone, while those with no attached submucosal layer generated only LPC, indicating that the pacemakers of the LPC and SPC are distributed in the myenteric and submucosal layers, respectively. In intact preparations, transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) applied for 1-2 min with different frequencies (0.2-2 Hz) inhibited the phasic contractions. The amplitude of LPC was reduced at >0.25 Hz and abolished at >0.3 Hz, while the amplitude but not the frequency of SPC was reduced at >0.5 Hz (in a frequency-dependent way). The TNS-induced inhibitory responses were augmented by atropine and attenuated by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA). In the presence of L-NA and atropine, TNS elicited biphasic (inhibitory and following excitatory) responses. The former were not antagonized by apamin, guanethidine or suramin, while the latter were antagonized by capsaicin, suggesting an innervation by non-adrenergic non-cholinergic non-nitrergic (NANCNN) inhibitory and peptidergic excitatory nerves, respectively. In preparations with the longitudinal muscle layer removed, TNS inhibited only the amplitude of SPC, which was augmented by atropine and antagonized by L-NA. In intact preparations, muscarinic stimulation with acetylcholine increased the frequency of LPC, while nitrergic stimulation with sodium nitroprusside reduced the amplitude and frequency of LPC, and also the amplitude but not the frequency of SPC. These results indicate that the rat proximal colon has two types of pacemaker cells. Myenteric pacemaker cells which receive predominantly nitrergic, but also cholinergic, peptidergic and NANCNN innervation, and submucosal pacemaker cells that are not markedly influenced by intramural nerves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Modulation of the activity of two pacemakers by transmural nerve stimulation in circular smooth muscle preparations isolated from the rat proximal colon

Kato

Nakamura²,

Imaeda

et al. 2009

J. Smooth Muscle Res.

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“…Tissue preparations after physiological recording were examined by light and electron microscopy as described previously (KOBAYASHI et al, 1995;NAHAR et al, 1996). Not perfusion fixation but immersion fixation procedures were employed for this purpose.…”

Section: Histological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Smooth Muscle Nodule Producing 10-12 Cycle/Min Regular Contractions at the Mesenteric Border of the Pacemaker Area in the Guinea-Pig Colon.

Kobayashi

Chowdhury

Tokuno

et al. 1996

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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At the boundary between the proximal and distal divisions of the colon in the guinea-pig is a ring-like section which rhythmically contracts. HUKUHARA and his co-researchers demonstrated that antiperistaltic movements in the proximal colon start from this ring-like section, the so-called pacemaker area. Tissue specimens, 0.1-0.3 mm in width/height x 4-7 mm in length, were prepared from various parts of this area. Significantly, in the circular muscle at the mesenteric border, a nodular structure spontaneously producing 10-12 cycle/min regular mechanical contractions was found. Moreover, histological investigations after physiological recording revealed that the presence of the inner-most and/or outermost portions of the circular muscle coat was not necessary for these spontaneous activities. Champy-Maillet (ZIO) staining showed that smooth muscle cells in this spontaneously contracting nodule were heavily innervated. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the smooth muscle tissue of this particular area was characterized by scanty interstitial elements such as fibroblasts. Plasma membranes of adjacent smooth muscle cells were frequently in direct contact with each other, forming many gap junctions. Scanning electron microscopy in the specimen prepared using a NaOH-maceration method revealed fine three-dimensional relationships between nerve terminals and smooth muscle cells. The nodular structure described in this paper may provide a useful experimental model for the investigation of colonic motility and its neural control.

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“…ICC-IM are found closely connecting with nerve endings and may be innervated by enteric motor neurons (Wang et al 2000). ICC-SS are supposed to act as a stretch receptor (Aranishi et al 2009), and ICC-SM not only act as the pacemaker in colon (Langton et al 1989;Serio et al 1991), but also are functionally innervated by enteric inhibitory neurons (Berezin et al 1990b;Shuttleworth et al 1993;Nahar et al 1996). Therefore, the morphology changes, i.e., gradual enrichment and growth of processes, , and the number of these cells was more than that seen at P2.…”

Section: Morphology Alterations Of Iccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, development and proliferation of interstitial cells of Cajal in murine colon: an immunohistochemical study from neonatal to adult life

Han

Shen

Jiang

et al. 2009

Histochem Cell Biol

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This paper aimed at investigating the alterations in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the proximal, middle and distal colon of mice from 0-day to 56-day post-partum (P0-P56) by immunohistochemistry. The Kit(+) ICC, which situated around myenteric nerve plexus (ICC-MY) were prominent at birth, meanwhile those cells within the smooth muscle layers (ICC-IM) and in the connective tissue beneath serosa (ICC-SS) began to appear. ICC-SM, which located at the submucosal border of circular muscle layer emerged at P6 in the proximal colon and subsequently in the distal colon at P8, and ICC in the oral side of colon revealed an earlier development in morphology and a higher density than that in the anal side. The density of ICC altered obviously during postnatal period, and the estimated total amount of ICC increased approximately 30 folds at P56 than that at P0. Some Kit(+)/Ki67(+) and Kit(+)/BrdU(+) cells were observed in ICC-MY, ICC-IM and ICC-SS, but not in ICC-SM from P0 to P24. Our result indicates a proximal to distal and transmural gradient development of ICC in the postnatal colon along with a dramatic increase of ICC cell number from neonatal to adult life, and an age-dependent proliferation of ICC is also involved.

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Nitrinergic Nerves Controlling Pacemaker Activities of the Inner Sublayer (P-layer) in the Canine Proximal Colon Circular Muscles.

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Modulation of the activity of two pacemakers by transmural nerve stimulation in circular smooth muscle preparations isolated from the rat proximal colon

Modulation of the activity of two pacemakers by transmural nerve stimulation in circular smooth muscle preparations isolated from the rat proximal colon

A Smooth Muscle Nodule Producing 10-12 Cycle/Min Regular Contractions at the Mesenteric Border of the Pacemaker Area in the Guinea-Pig Colon.

Distribution, development and proliferation of interstitial cells of Cajal in murine colon: an immunohistochemical study from neonatal to adult life

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