Nitrite influence on fish: a review

Kroupová, Hana Kocour; Máchová, Jana; Svobodová, Zdeňka

doi:10.17221/5650-vetmed

Cited by 199 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Nitrite diffuses from the blood plasma into red blood cells, where it oxidises the Fe 2+ in haemoglobin (Hb) to the Fe 3+ oxidation state, converting haemoglobin into methaemoglobin (metHb). MetHb reduces the total oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood [16]. Nitrite exposure resulted in a reduction in haemoglobin and haematocrit in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with mild methaemoglobinaemia following exposure to 0.50 and 1.38 mg·L −1 NO 2 − -N for 48-h static tests [17].…”

Section: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because nitrite affects the ability of blood to transport oxygen, a reduction in ambient water DO concentrations increases the effect of toxicity. Although there are many studies about acute and sublethal effects of nitrite on fish in the literature [14,16,[20][21][22], comprehensive studies on the chronic effects of nitrite on different fish species under aquaponic conditions will be necessary considering the interaction of plant roots and the efficiency of related bacteria in the system. In brief, the related bacteria that may be involved in aquaponic systems are the following: ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), including bacteria of the genera Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, Nitrosospira, Nitrosolobus, and Nitrosovibrio, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), including bacteria of the genera Nitrobacter, Nitrococcus, Nitrospira, and Nitrospina [23].…”

Section: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fish Welfare in Aquaponic Systems: Its Relation to Water Quality with an Emphasis on Feed and Faeces—A Review

Yıldız

Robaina

Pirhonen

et al. 2017

Water

174

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Abstract:Aquaponics is the combination of aquaculture (fish) and hydroponic cultivation of plants. This review examines fish welfare in relation to rearing water quality, fish feed and fish waste and faeces to develop a sustainable aquaponic system where the co-cultured organisms, fish, bacteria in biofilters and plants, should be considered holistically in all aquaponics operations. Water quality parameters are the primary environmental consideration for optimizing aquaponic production and for directly impacting fish welfare/health issues and plant needs. In aquaponic systems, the uptake of nutrients should be maximised for the healthy production of the plant biomass but without neglecting the best welfare conditions for the fish in terms of water quality. Measures to reduce the risks of the introduction or spread of diseases or infection and to increase biosecurity in aquaponics are also important. In addition, the possible impacts of allelochemicals, i.e., chemicals released by the plants, should be taken into account. Moreover, the effect of diet digestibility, faeces particle size and settling ratio on water quality should be carefully considered. As available information is very limited, research should be undertaken to better elucidate the relationship between appropriate levels of minerals needed by plants, and fish metabolism, health and welfare. It remains to be investigated whether and to what extent the concentrations of suspended solids that can be found in aquaponic systems can compromise the health of fish. Water quality, which directly affects fish health and well-being, is the key factor to be considered in all aquaponic systems.

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Section: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Welfare in Aquaponic Systems: Its Relation to Water Quality with an Emphasis on Feed and Faeces—A Review

Yıldız

Robaina

Pirhonen

et al. 2017

Water

174

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Apart from methaemoglobinaemia, studies on fish and crustaceans have revealed that nitrite is a disrupter of a large variety of physiological functions, including ion regulatory, respiratory, endocrine and excretory processes (Jensen, 2003;Kroupova et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The ability of recovery in common carp after nitrite poisoning

Kroupová¹,

Máchová²,

Svobodová³

et al. 2006

Vet. Med.

Self Cite

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The aim of the study was to assess the ability of recovery in common carp after nitrite poisoning and to distinguish the difference in nitrite poisoning of carp at two different chloride concentrations in water. Two groups of carp (group 1 and 2) were exposed to environmental nitrite concentration of 1.45 mmol/l NO2– at different chloride concentrations (group 1: 0.31 mmol/l Cl– and group 2: 3.73 mmol/l Cl–) for 48 hours. After that, they were transferred into nitrite-free water. In the group 1 mortality of 51% occurred during nitrite exposure and further 11% mortality was observed after 24 h in nitrite free water. No mortality occurred in group 2 and control. Nitrite and methaemoglobin concentrations (MetHb) markedly increased in group 1 (plasma: 10.5 ± 1.90 mmol/l NO2–, liver: 3.5 ± 1.15 mmol/kg NO2–, muscle: 1.5 ± 0.37 mmol/kg NO2–, and MetHb: 93 ± 6.1%) compared with control (plasma: 0.05 ± 0.04 mmol/l NO2–, liver: 0.02 ± 0.01 mmol/kg NO2–, muscle: 0.04 ± 0.01 mmol/kg NO2–, and MetHb: 3 ± 2.9%). After 24 h in nitrite-free water, the values mildly decreased but not significantly (plasma: 5.1 ± 1.49 mmol/l NO2–, liver: 1.8 ± 0.65 mmol/kg NO2–, muscle: 0.8 ± 0.23 mmol/kg NO2–, and MetHb: 84 ± 11.2%). After next 120 h the values decreased significantly and were compared with those found in the control group (traces of nitrite, MetHb: 3 ± 2.1%). Nitrite exposure caused also increase in plasma K+ (3.8 ± 0.29 mmol/l), ammonia (230 ± 92 µmol/l), urea (1.7 ± 0.28 mmol/l) and uric acid concentration (66 ± 54 µmol/l) in group 1. On the other hand, values of haematocrit, erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration were markedly lower than control values. Most changes were corrected by the end of the recovery period, only plasma potassium concentration dropped bellow the control values. Nearly no changes were found in the group 2 compared with the control during the whole experiment duration. This shows the positive effect of chlorides on the fish resistance against nitrites.

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“…In general, the most important source of human exposure to nitrate and nitrite is through vegetables (nitrite and nitrate) and through meat in the diet. In some circumstances, however, drinking water can make a significant contribution to nitrate and, occasionally, nitrite intake (Kroupova et al 2005). In the case of bottle-fed infants, drinking-water can be the major external source of exposure to nitrate and nitrite.…”

Section: Physico-chemical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfection of potable water sources on animal farms and their microbiological safety

Hrušková¹,

Sasáková²,

Bujdošová³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to examine drinking water on three farms in eastern Slovakia and to determine experimentally the optimum dose for adequate disinfection in terms of devitalisation of potential pathogens while observing the limit for residual active chlorine (0.3 mg/l) in drinking water. Our investigations included bacteriological examination focused on general contamination and indicator bacteria (bacteria cultivated at 22 and 37 °C, total coliforms, E. coli, enterococci), physico-chemical examination (pH, ammonium ions, nitrites, nitrates, chlorides, free chlorine, chemical oxygen demand COD Mn and Ca + Mg), and EEM (excitation emission matrix) fluorescence spectroscopy which focused on the presence of natural organic matter (NOM). After determining the optimum single dose of Chloramine T for disinfection of water used for watering of animals, the bacteriological quality of water was checked on the 5 th day after the disinfection. The results showed that water quality was better on Farm No. 3 than on Farms No. 1 and No. 2. The weather (precipitation) evidently affected the quality of water on all three farms and was associated with some risk to animals consuming this water. The experimentally determined doses of Chloramine T appeared relatively efficient on Farm No. 1 and Farm No. 3, while the Chloramine T dose estimated for adequate disinfection on Farm No. 2 had to be increased considerably but was still much lower than the dose recommended by the manufacturer of this preparation. It appeared effective to adjust the intervals between individual chlorine treatments according to weather conditions (heavy rain) instead of increasing the active chlorine dose.

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Nitrite influence on fish: a review

Cited by 199 publications

References 74 publications

Fish Welfare in Aquaponic Systems: Its Relation to Water Quality with an Emphasis on Feed and Faeces—A Review

Fish Welfare in Aquaponic Systems: Its Relation to Water Quality with an Emphasis on Feed and Faeces—A Review

The ability of recovery in common carp after nitrite poisoning

Disinfection of potable water sources on animal farms and their microbiological safety

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