Nitrite reductases of lactic acid bacteria: Regulation of enzyme synthesis and activity, and different applications

Yuan, Jingwen; Zeng, Xiaoqun; Zhang, Ping; Leng, Lele; Du, Qiwei; Pan, Daodong

doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2024.103833

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 86 publications

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“… There are two functionally equivalent forms of the NIR enzyme: the cytochrome cd1-containing nitrite reductase (NirS) encoded nirS and the copper-containing nitrite reductase (NirK) encoded nirK . Until 2002, it was believed that nirK and nirS existed in different strains of the same genus; however, Priemé et al found that nirK and nirS were independently expressed, with significant differences in the structure and status of their encoded proteins. The activity of N metabolism enzymes may be influenced by the rate of N loading, as nitrite and nitrate reductases can be inhibited at high concentrations of NH 4 + .…”

Section: N-metabolizing Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae Shed Light on Interconnected Nitrogen Transformation in Microalgal-Bacterial Consortia

Li,

Zhang,

Bai

et al. 2024

ACS EST Water

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Nitrogen is a component of many fundamental biomolecules and also participates in environmental redox chemistry. Nitrogen pollution is a serious environmental problem. Biological nitrogen removal is one of the most significant issues in wastewater treatment. Microbial-driven nitrogen transformations are carried out through metabolic pathways. Wastewater treatment systems using microalgal-bacterial cocultures can improve nutrient removal efficiency through interspecies synergistic interactions. However, relevant studies on the nitrogen metabolism and microbial characteristics of microalgal-bacterial systems have not been systematically reviewed and discussed. This Review comprehensively analyzes nitrogen contaminants in various biological nitrogen removal microalgal-bacterial composite systems and summarizes the microbial characteristics and nitrogen-metabolizing enzymes present. Nitrogen metabolism regulation methods involving quorum sensing and genetic regulation are described, and methods of enhancing microbial nitrogen removal through microbial community interactions, enhancing enzyme activity, and promoting electron transfer are introduced in detail. This Review provides a perspective on the improvement and optimization of microalgalbacterial wastewater treatment technology through analyzing the nitrogen metabolism and increasing process performance.

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Section: N-metabolizing Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae Shed Light on Interconnected Nitrogen Transformation in Microalgal-Bacterial Consortia

Li,

Zhang,

Bai

et al. 2024

ACS EST Water

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Recent Applications and Prospects of Enzymes in Quality and Safety Control of Fermented Foods

Dai,

Chen,

Lin

et al. 2024

Foods

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Fermented foods have gained global attention for their unique flavor and immense health benefits. These flavor compounds and nutrients result from the metabolic activities of microorganism during fermentation. However, some unpleasant sensory characteristics and biohazard substances could also be generated in fermentation process. These quality and safety issues in fermented foods could be addressed by endogenous enzymes. In this review, the applications of enzymes in quality control of fermented foods, including texture improvement, appearance stability, aroma enhancement, and debittering, are discussed. Furthermore, the enzymes employed in eliminating biohazard compounds such as ethyl carbamate, biogenic amines, and nitrites, formed during fermentation, are reviewed. Advanced biological methods used for enhancing the enzymatic activity and stability are also summarized. This review focused on the applications and future prospects of enzymes in the improvement quality and safety qualities of fermented foods.

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Analysis of Microbial Diversity Dominating Nitrite Enzymatic Degradation and Acidic Degradation in the Fermentation Broth of Northeast Sauerkraut

Xu,

Zhang,

Tao

et al. 2024

Foods

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Nitrite hazard is an important food safety issue in the production process of Chinese Northeastern sauerkraut, but this nitrite can be eliminated through microbial enzymatic degradation and acidic degradation as fermentation progresses. Therefore, analyzing the microbial diversity that dominates nitrite degradation in Chinese Northeastern sauerkraut can provide a reference for its safe production. In this study, based on the dynamic monitoring of nitrite concentration, pH, and the abundance of nitrite reductase genes (nirK and nirS) and the application of high-throughput sequencing technology and various statistical analysis methods, the microbial groups associated with nitrite enzymatic degradation and acidic degradation in Northeast sauerkraut fermentation broth were analyzed. During the nitrite peak period of Northeast sauerkraut fermentation broth, the nitrite concentration reached 32.15 mg/kg, the pH was 4.7, and the abundances of the nitrite reductase genes nirK and nirS were 3.0 × 104 and 4.9 × 104 copies/μL, respectively. At this stage, nitrite degradation was likely dominated by enzymatic activities. Microbial phyla such as Bacteroidetes (38.8%), Proteobacteria (19.2%), and the archaeal phylum Euryarchaeota (1.1%) showed strong correlations with nitrite. Among the genera within these three phyla, Chryseobacterium, Elizabethkingia, and Aeromonas exhibited significant differences in abundance compared to the late fermentation stage and were identified as the primary microbial groups likely driving the enzymatic degradation. During the nitrite degradation period, the nitrite concentration decreased to 0.04 mg/kg, the pH dropped to 3.6, and the abundances of nirK and nirS genes were reduced to 1.0 × 103 copies/μL. At this stage, the nitrite degradation was primarily driven by acid activity. The bacterial phylum Firmicutes (99%) exhibited a strong correlation with pH. Within this phylum, the genus Lactobacillus, which showed significant differences in abundance compared to the early fermentation stage, was identified as the primary microbial group indirectly contributing to acidic degradation. This study provides guidance for the isolation of food-grade prokaryotic microbial strains capable of nitrite degradation. Additionally, the findings offer a methodological reference for conducting future research on nitrite-degrading microorganisms in fermented vegetable broths.

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Nitrite reductases of lactic acid bacteria: Regulation of enzyme synthesis and activity, and different applications

Cited by 3 publications

References 86 publications

Microalgae Shed Light on Interconnected Nitrogen Transformation in Microalgal-Bacterial Consortia

Microalgae Shed Light on Interconnected Nitrogen Transformation in Microalgal-Bacterial Consortia

Recent Applications and Prospects of Enzymes in Quality and Safety Control of Fermented Foods

Analysis of Microbial Diversity Dominating Nitrite Enzymatic Degradation and Acidic Degradation in the Fermentation Broth of Northeast Sauerkraut

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