Nitrite regeneration in the oligotrophic Atlantic Ocean

Clark, Darren R.; Ferrera, Charissa M.; Al-Moosawi, Lisa; Somerfield, Paul J.; Harris, Carolyn; Quartly, Graham D.; Goult, Stephen; Tarran, Glen A.; Lessin, Gennadi

doi:10.5194/bg-19-1355-2022

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…There is no clear latitudinal trend in the ammonia oxidation rates. In contrast, Clark et al (2022) found higher ammonia oxidation rates in the Southern Hemisphere along the north-south transect in the Atlantic Ocean. This latitudinal pattern is hypothesized to be explained by the difference in the supply of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) by lateral transport into the gyre interior from the eastern boundary upwelling (Clark et al, 2022).…”

Section: Distribution Of Ammonia Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…In contrast, Clark et al (2022) found higher ammonia oxidation rates in the Southern Hemisphere along the north-south transect in the Atlantic Ocean. This latitudinal pattern is hypothesized to be explained by the difference in the supply of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) by lateral transport into the gyre interior from the eastern boundary upwelling (Clark et al, 2022). The stimulation of ammonia oxidation rates by a lateral DON supply has also been observed in the western Pacific (Xu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Distribution Of Ammonia Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The Pacific Ocean has the largest number of nitrification observations, followed by the Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean and Indian Ocean. Particularly, meridional transects across ocean basins and biomes have been conducted in the North Pacific and Atlantic (Shiozaki et al, 2016;Clark et al, 2008Clark et al, , 2022. Observations have recently expanded into oxygen-minimum zones (Beman et al, 2012(Beman et al, , 2013Frey et al, 2020Frey et al, , 2022Peng et al, 2015Peng et al, , 2016Santoro et al, 2021;Sun et al, 2017) and polar oceans (Cavagna et al, 2015;Shiozaki et al, 2019;Smith et al, 2022;Mdutyana et al, 2022aMdutyana et al, , b, 2020Flynn et al, 2021).…”

Section: Summary Of the Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the important role of nitrification and nitrifiers in marine N and C cycles and Earth's climate, a better understanding of its distribution and regulating factors is highly desirable. Historical observations of nitrification and nitrifiers cover a wide range of environmental gradients and biogeography in the ocean, ranging from cross-Atlantic (e.g., Clark et al, 2008Clark et al, , 2022, western Pacific (e.g., Wan et al, 2021Wan et al, , 2018 and polar oceans (e.g., Shiozaki et al, 2019;Mdutyana et al, 2020) to oxygen-minimum zones (e.g., Peng et al, 2015;Santoro et al, 2021). This study aims to introduce the newly constructed database of nitrification and nitrifiers in the marine water column and to guide future research efforts in field observations and model development of nitrification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Database of nitrification and nitrifiers in the global ocean

Tang,

Ward,

Beman

et al. 2023

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. As a key biogeochemical pathway in the marine nitrogen cycle, nitrification (ammonia oxidation and nitrite oxidation) converts the most reduced form of nitrogen – ammonium–ammonia (NH4+–NH3) – into the oxidized species nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-). In the ocean, these processes are mainly performed by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). By transforming nitrogen speciation and providing substrates for nitrogen removal, nitrification affects microbial community structure; marine productivity (including chemoautotrophic carbon fixation); and the production of a powerful greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O). Nitrification is hypothesized to be regulated by temperature, oxygen, light, substrate concentration, substrate flux, pH and other environmental factors. Although the number of field observations from various oceanic regions has increased considerably over the last few decades, a global synthesis is lacking, and understanding how environmental factors control nitrification remains elusive. Therefore, we have compiled a database of nitrification rates and nitrifier abundance in the global ocean from published literature and unpublished datasets. This database includes 2393 and 1006 measurements of ammonia oxidation and nitrite oxidation rates and 2242 and 631 quantifications of ammonia oxidizers and nitrite oxidizers, respectively. This community effort confirms and enhances our understanding of the spatial distribution of nitrification and nitrifiers and their corresponding drivers such as the important role of substrate concentration in controlling nitrification rates and nitrifier abundance. Some conundrums are also revealed, including the inconsistent observations of light limitation and high rates of nitrite oxidation reported from anoxic waters. This database can be used to constrain the distribution of marine nitrification, to evaluate and improve biogeochemical models of nitrification, and to quantify the impact of nitrification on ecosystem functions like marine productivity and N2O production. This database additionally sets a baseline for comparison with future observations and guides future exploration (e.g., measurements in the poorly sampled regions such as the Indian Ocean and method comparison and/or standardization). The database is publicly available at the Zenodo repository: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8355912 (Tang et al., 2023).

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Section: Distribution Of Ammonia Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Distribution Of Ammonia Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Summary Of the Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Database of nitrification and nitrifiers in the global ocean

Tang,

Ward,

Beman

et al. 2023

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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“…the NSTG will contain some waters from the deep Mediterranean outflow, whilst the SSTG is traversed by Agulhas Rings carrying Indian Ocean water (Nencioli et al, 2018). There are also hemispheric differences in the availability of dissolved organic nitrogen (Clark et al, 2022). Smyth et al (2017) also illustrate the differences in seasonal forcing for these two gyres.…”

Section: Cruise Data From the Atlantic Meridional Transect Programmementioning

confidence: 99%

The link between surface and sub-surface chlorophyll-a in the centre of the Atlantic subtropical gyres: a comparison of observations and models

Quartly,

Aiken,

Brewin

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Satellite observations have given us a clear idea of the changes in chlorophyll in the surface ocean on both a seasonal and interannual basis, but repeated observations at depth are much rarer. The permanently-stratified subtropical gyres in the Atlantic are highly oligotrophic, with most production centred on a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) just above the nitracline. This study explores the variations in this feature in the core of both gyres, considering both seasonal and interannual variations, and the linkages between changes at the surface and sub-surface. The in situ observations come from the Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT), a long-running UK monitoring programme, and also from biogeochemical Argo floats. AMT provides measurements spanning more than 25 years directed through the centres of these gyres, but samples only 2 to 4 months per year and thus cannot resolve the seasonal variations, whereas the profiling floats give coverage throughout the year, but without the rigid spatial repeatability. These observational records are contrasted with representation of the centres of the gyres in two different biogeochemical models: MEDUSA and ERSEM, thus fulfilling one of AMT’s stated aims: the assessment of biogeochemical models. Whilst the four datasets show broadly the same seasonal patterns and that the DCM shallows when surface chlorophyll increases, the depth and peak concentration of the DCM differ among datasets. For most of the datasets the column-integrated chlorophyll for both gyres is around 19 mg m-2 (with the AMT fluorescence-derived values being much lower); however the MEDUSA model has a disparity between the northern and southern gyres that is not understood. Although the seasonal increase in surface chlorophyll is tied to a commensurate decrease in concentration at depth, on an interannual basis years with enhanced surface levels of chlorophyll correspond to increases at depth. Satellite-derived observations of surface chlorophyll concentration act as a good predictor of interannual changes in DCM depth for both gyres during their autumn season, but provide less skill in spring.

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