Nitro Compounds in Foreign Species of<i>Astragalus</i>

Williams, M. C.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500061932

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Most basalt milkvetch accessions did not contain detectable levels of nitrotoxins. However, nine accessions had low (but detectable) amounts of 3-nitropropanol, which may be potentially toxic to livestock (Williams 1981). Selenium-containing soils are widespread in the Intermountain Region of the western United States, and selenium-accumulators growing on these soils can cause acute or chronic toxicity in livestock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Morphological Characterization of Basalt Milkvetch (Astragalus filipes): Basis for Plant Improvement

Bhattarai

Johnson

Jones

et al. 2008

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Morphological Characterization of Basalt Milkvetch (Astragalus filipes): Basis for Plant Improvement

Bhattarai

Johnson

Jones

et al. 2008

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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“…Enhanced ruminal metabolism of 3-nitro-1-propanol and 3-nitro-1-propionate, respiratory toxins (18,19) contained in many forages (17,(21)(22)(23), is sought as a means of protecting ruminants from intoxication. Ruminal microbes are known to metabolize the nitrotoxins (10,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) (reducing nitropropanol to aminopropanol and nitropropionate to ␤-alanine [1]), but the microbes primarily responsible for detoxification in vivo are not known.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrichment and isolation of a nitropropanol-metabolizing bacterium from the rumen

Anderson¹,

Rasmussen²,

Allison³

1996

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A bacterium capable of metabolizing nitropropanol, nitropropionate, and nitrate has been isolated from a mixed ruminal population enriched for enhanced rates of nitropropanol metabolism. The numbers of nitropropanol-metabolizing bacteria in mixed populations increased >10,000-fold during enrichment; the rates of nitropropanol metabolism increased 8-fold. Hydrogen and phytone were important nutrients for nitropropanol metabolism.

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“…All species were personally identified by Edith Gomez-Sosa except Astragalus domeykoanus and A. micranthellus Wedd. Leaves of these species were sampled at K and NY and the presence of nitro compounds in them was reported previously (Williams 1981, Williams 1982. Samples of the other 34species of Argentine Astragalus were not available for study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Nitro Compounds in Species of Astragalus (Fabaceae) in Argentina

Williams¹,

Gómez‐Sosa²

1986

Journal of Range Management

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Thiiy species of Astragahs from Argentina were analyzed for toxic aliphatic nitro compounds. Twenty-seven species, including 7 species known to poison livestock, synthesized nitro compounds that hydrolyxed to highly toxic b-nitro-1-propanol (3-NPOH). Nitro compounds in Astragduspahae (Phil.) Reiche hydrolyzed to both 3-NPOH and fnitropropionic acid (INPA). Astragahu pahae is the only species of Astragalus so far examined that synthesized both compounds. Analyses of leaves of the 30 species for cyanogenic glycosides were negative. Species of Astragalus from Argentina that synthesize nitro compounds should not be introduced into the United States hecause of their potential hazard to livestock. The genus Astragalus consists of over 2,000 species worldwide. Although most species occur in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, 105 species are indigenous to western and southern South America from Ecuador to Argentina. Sixty-four species are native to Argentina. Several species of Astragalus are known to poison livestock and have caused losses on rangelands and pastures in Argentina. Gomez-Sosa (1979) reported that Astragalus bergii Hieron., A. chamissonis (Vog.) Reiche, A. distinens Macloskie, A. pehuenches Niederl. and A. vesiculosus Clos. caused livestock losses in Patagonia (the five southern provinces of Argentina). Monticelli (1938) reported a large loss of animals to Astragalus bergiiin 193 1 in San Luis Province in central Argentina. Gomez-Sosa was told by farmers in Tucumln Province in northwestern Argentina that Astragalus cryptobotrys Johnst. caused both addiction and death in their livestock. Elsewhere in Argentina, A. garbancillo Cav. has caused livestock losses (Burkart 1952). Astragalus arequipensis Vog. was reported toxic to livestock in Bolivia (Burkart 1952). Evidence existed that species of Astragalus indigenous to Argentina synthesized highly toxic nitro compounds. Nitro compounds are particularly toxic to ruminants because microflora in the rumen hydrolyze them to 3-nitro-l-propanol (fNPOH) or 3nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) (Williams et al. 1970, Williams 1982). While both compounds are toxic, animals are poisoned orally at lower concentrations of 3-NPOH because it is more rapidly absorbed into the circulatory system. Of the species reported poisonous in Patagonia by Gbmez-Sosa (1979), Astragalus bergii, A. distinens, and A. vesiculosus were known to synthesize nitro compounds (Williams 1981) and the latter 2 species synthesized 3-NPOH (Williams 1982). The toxic principle in the other 2 species, A. pehuenches and A. chamissonis. was unknown. Four other nitro-bearing species of Astragalus also occur in Patagonia: A. domeykoanus (Phil.) Reiche, A. cruckshanksii(Hook. &Am.) Griseb., A.palenae(Phil.) Reiche, and A. patagonicus (Phil). Speg. (Gomez-Sosa 1984). These data suggested that nitro compounds might be the toxic principle in other Authors are plant physiologist, USDA

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Nitro Compounds in Foreign Species ofAstragalus

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Physiological and Morphological Characterization of Basalt Milkvetch (Astragalus filipes): Basis for Plant Improvement

Physiological and Morphological Characterization of Basalt Milkvetch (Astragalus filipes): Basis for Plant Improvement

Enrichment and isolation of a nitropropanol-metabolizing bacterium from the rumen

Toxic Nitro Compounds in Species of Astragalus (Fabaceae) in Argentina

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