Nitrogen and oxygen isotopic signatures of subsurface nitrate seaward of the Florida Keys reef tract

Leichter, James J.; Wankel, Scott D.; Paytan, Adina; Hanson, Katharine M.; Miller, Steven L.; Altabet, Mark A.

doi:10.4319/lo.2007.52.3.1258

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Temperatures below approximately 26°C correspond to water masses at or below the thermocline and the concentrations of both nitrate and phosphate increased nearly linearly with decreasing temperature (data shown here, and in Leichter et al 2003Leichter et al , 2007. The data from 30 to 70 m depth show increasing exposure to low temperatures with increasing depth and suggest that the main thermocline was often at approximately 50 to 60 m depth, with frequent incursions into shallower depths.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Estimates of the fluxes of inorganic nutrients across the slope of Conch Reef in the Florida Keys suggest increases of more than an order of magnitude during internal wave events relative to non-internal wave periods (Leichter et al 2003). Previous studies have shown that the common benthic macroalga Codium isthmocladum likely uses transiently available nitrate (Leichter et al 2003(Leichter et al , 2007. Further evidence of algal utilization of transient nutrient pulses at this site was provided by Smith et al (2004) who showed increased growth rates and a decreased effect of artificial nutrient additions for the benthic alga Halimeda tuna with increasing depth from 7 to 21 m. A complete nutrient budget for the FLKRT has not been developed, but high frequency upwelling appears to be a significant overall nutrient source for the outer reef slopes (Boyer & Jones 2002, Kruczynski & McManus 2002, Leichter et al 2003.…”

Section: Abstract: Macroalgae · Florida Keys · Coral Reefs · Light ·mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep water macroalgal communities adjacent to the Florida Keys reef tract

Leichter

Stokes²,

Genovese³

2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Abstract: Macroalgae · Florida Keys · Coral Reefs · Light ·mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep water macroalgal communities adjacent to the Florida Keys reef tract

Leichter

Stokes²,

Genovese³

2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Introduction of upwelled subthermocline water into reef communities and the possible effects on water quality (Andrews & Gentien 1982, Leichter et al 1996, Leichter et al 2007), biodiversity (Cortés 1997) Genovese 2006) and among the highest so far observed (Sheppard 2009). Given the proximity of the W (LAIW+) and E (LAIW-) sides of the islands (< 200 m), the differences in the physical oceanographic parameters between the 2 island sides are striking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic response of corals to large amplitude internal waves

Roder¹,

Fillinger²,

Jantzen³

et al. 2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The trophic response of the scleractinian coral Pocillopora meandrina (Dana, 1846) to large amplitude internal waves (LAIW) was investigated in the Andaman Sea. Corals living on the western sides of the Similan Islands (Thailand) exposed to LAIW showed significantly higher biomass and protein content than sheltered corals on the eastern sides. LAIW-exposed corals were also more heterotrophic, displaying lower δ 13 C ratios in their tissues and higher rates of survival in artificial darkness compared to sheltered counterparts. Heterotrophic nutrition in concert with photosynthesis leads to higher energy reserves in corals from LAIW-exposed reefs, making them more resilient to disturbance. As these differences in trophic status are due to LAIW-enhanced fluxes of organic matter, LAIW may play an important role in supporting coral metabolism and survival in these monsoon beaten reefs.KEY WORDS: Large amplitude internal waves · Corals · Heterotrophic plasticity · Current regime · Pocillopora meandrina · Andaman Sea Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 412: [113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128] 2010 solved organic materials (Muscatine et al. 1989, Grottoli 2002.Along with photosynthesis, heterotrophy enhances skeletal (Houlbrèque et al. 2003) and tissue growth by building up energy stores including lipids (Anthony 2006, Treignier et al. 2008 and proteins , Houlbrèque et al. 2003. Heterotrophy has been shown to support coral photosynthesis (Grottoli 2002, Borell et al. 2008) and resilience to stresses such as turbidity (Anthony 2006), warming (Borell et al. 2008) and bleaching , Palardy et al. 2008. Although active feeding does not generally constitute the dominant carbon source for zooxanthellate corals, it may reduce temporary energy deficits (Anthony 2000) so that corals with a high capability to heterotrophically assimilate carbon may be more effective in surviving multiple bleaching events and become dominant in future reefs .The relative proportion of heterotrophy in coral metabolism may vary markedly between species , and has been documented in several studies. For example, Wellington (1982) observed that the branching coral Pocillopora damicornis grew independent of zooplankton supply, and was more markedly affected by shading than the massive coral Pavona clavus. Sebens & Johnson (1991) documented higher zooplankton capture rates by Madracis decactis with increasing current strength, but not by Meandrina meandrites. showed that the δ 13 C ratios of Montipora capitata host tissue decreased when bleached because of increased heterotrophic feeding, while Porites compressa did not alter its nutrition. Moreover, Palardy et al. (2008) observed that the feeding response to one disturbance may vary significantly between different coral species.The importance of heterotrophic feeding in coral metabolism may further vary between environments (Palardy et al. 2005). Decreasing light and photosynthesis (Mus...

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“…Both of the heavier isotopes of NO 3 (i.e., 15 N and 18 O) react more slowly in enzyme-mediated reactions, such as NO 3 assimilation and denitrification, resulting in a gradual increase in heavier isotopes of the remaining NO 3 at a specific ratio (e.g., 18 ε: 15 ε = 1 for assimilation by eukaryotic phytoplankton and cyanobacteria; 18 ε : 15 ε = 2 for heterotrophic bacteria [Granger et al, 2004[Granger et al, , 2010; and 18 ε : 15 ε = 0.5 to 1.0 for denitrification [Chen and MacQuarrie, 2005;Granger et al, 2008], where 18 ε and 15 ε [‰] are kinetic isotope effects expressed as the ratio of the reaction rates [k] for the heavy and light isotopes as follows: 18 ε [ 15 ε] = ( 16 k/ 18 k[ 14 k/ 15 k] − 1) × 1000) and various values in each N pool of the natural environment. Therefore, when the values of stable isotopes of each NO 3 source are distinct from those of other sources, the information can be used to trace the contribution of each NO 3 source (Leichter et al, 2007). Also, when NO 3 is taken up by phytoplankton and bacteria following a Rayleigh fractionation model in a closed system, a linear relationship is observed between the log-transformed NO 3 concentration (ln[NO 3 ]) and δ 15 N in NO 3 (Sigman et al, 1999;Teranes and Bernasconi, 2000).…”

Section: Y Umezawa Et Al: Seasonal Shift Of the Nitrate Sources In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal shifts in the contributions of the Changjiang River and the Kuroshio Current to nitrate dynamics in the continental shelf of the northern East China Sea based on a nitrate dual isotopic composition approach

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The northern East China Sea (ECS) serves as a spawning and nursery ground for many species of fish and squid. To clarify the basis of the food web in the northern ECS, we examined the nitrate (NO 3 ) dynamics along four latitudinal transects based on stable nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of NO 3 (δ 15 N NO 3 and δ 18 O NO 3 ) and temperaturesalinity dynamics in both winter (February 2009) and summer (July 2009 and July 2011). The δ 15 N NO 3 and δ 18 O NO 3 , which were distinctly different among the potential NO 3 sources, were useful for clarifying NO 3 sources and its actual usage by phytoplankton. In winter, Kuroshio Subsurface Water (KSSW) and the Yellow Sea Mixed Water (YSMW) predominantly contributed to NO 3 distributed in the shelf water. In the surface water of the Okinawa Trough, NO 3 from the KSSW, along with a temperature increase caused by an intrusion of Kuroshio Surface Water (KSW), seemed to stimulate phytoplankton growth. In summer, Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW), Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM), and KSSW affected the distribution and abundance of NO 3 in the northern ECS, depending on precipitation in the Changjiang drainage basin and the development of the YSCWM in the shelf bottom water. Although isotopic fractionation during NO 3 uptake by phytoplankton seemed to drastically increase δ 15 N NO 3 and δ 18 O NO 3 in summer, relatively light nitrate with δ 15 N NO 3 lower than expected from this fractionation effect might be explained by contribution of atmospheric nitrogen and/or nitrification to NO 3 dynamics in the surface and subsurface layers. If the latter were a dominant process, this would imply a tightly coupled nitrogen cycle in the shelf water of the northern ECS.

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Nitrogen and oxygen isotopic signatures of subsurface nitrate seaward of the Florida Keys reef tract

Cited by 42 publications

References 41 publications

Deep water macroalgal communities adjacent to the Florida Keys reef tract

Deep water macroalgal communities adjacent to the Florida Keys reef tract

Trophic response of corals to large amplitude internal waves

Seasonal shifts in the contributions of the Changjiang River and the Kuroshio Current to nitrate dynamics in the continental shelf of the northern East China Sea based on a nitrate dual isotopic composition approach

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