Nitrogen and Phosphorus Availability and Weed Suppression from Composted Poultry Litter Applied as Mulch in a Peach Orchard

Preusch, P.L.; Tworkoski, Thomas

doi:10.21273/hortsci.38.6.1108

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Application of poultry litter based on N requirement further increased the P concentration significantly and it reached to 31.7 mg kg −1 in November 1998. These results corroborate findings that applying compost at N‐based rates could lead to excess P of which may buildup in the soil, be lost to run‐off or leaching, or absorbed by plants (Preusch et al, 2002; Preusch and Tworkoski, 2003). Sharpley et al (1986) demonstrated a positive relationship between soil P level, particularly at or near the soil surface, and dissolved P in runoff.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of Five‐Year Continuous Poultry Litter Use in Cotton Production on Major Soil Nutrients

Reddy

Malik

et al. 2008

Agronomy Journal

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A gronomy J our n al • Volu me 10 0 , I s sue 4 • 2 0 0 8 ABSTRACT Repeated application of poultry (Gallus gallus) litter to crop lands may lead to nitrates leaching and build up of P and other elements in the soil profi le, which are prone to loss from runoff and erosion. A study was conducted for 5 yr at Belle Mina, AL on a Decatur silt loam (fi ne, kaolinitic thermic Rhodic Paleudult) during 1994 to 1998 to determine the nitrate movement and quantify the build up of P, K, Ca, and Mg due to the application of nitrifi cation inhibitor, carboxymethyl pyrazole (CP), treated fresh and composted poultry litter and urea in conventionally tilled cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Poultry litter maintained soil pH (0-30 cm depth) where as application of urea resulted in a pH decline. Th e inhibitor, CP, signifi cantly reduced the NO 3 --N formation in all N sources for 41 d following application. However, over the longer period of time, very minimal changes in nitrate concentrations were observed due to change in rates or sources of N. Over the experimental period, P concentration increased signifi cantly (by 74%) in composted litter applied plots (17.7 mg kg -1 ) but not in fresh litter plots (1.5 mg kg -1 ). Linear increase in P accumulation was observed with increase in rate of composted litter. Concentrations of K and Mg increased signifi cantly both in fresh (93 and 25 mg kg -1 , respectively) and composted litter (127 and 36 mg kg -1 , respectively) applied plots by the end of 5 yr period. Th ese results indicate that a well-planned application of fresh poultry litter in soils that are not already overloaded with P is safe and treating litter with CP is advantageous from an environmental perspective.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of Five‐Year Continuous Poultry Litter Use in Cotton Production on Major Soil Nutrients

Reddy

Malik

et al. 2008

Agronomy Journal

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“…They also serve as fertilisers and play an important role in the control of various plant diseases. [1][2][3][4][5] A consistent quality is decisive for the successful use of composts to maintain plant health and high yields of agricultural and horticultural crops. 6,7 Thus, compost quality has to be monitored consistently; this is, however, time-consuming and laborious.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Chemical and Biological Properties of Composts Using near Infrared Spectroscopy

Michel

Bruns

Terhoeven‐Urselmans

et al. 2006

Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy

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Successful use of compost to maintain plant health and soil fertility requires consistent monitoring of compost quality. For this purpose, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy might be a useful alternative to standard procedures which are often time-consuming and laborious. Ninety-eight yard-waste compost samples were analysed by conventional methods and NIR spectroscopy. Reference analysis included the determination of age, organic C (C org ) and total N (N t ) contents, C / N ratio, microbial biomass (C mic ), the ratio of C mic to organic C (C mic / C org ), basal respiration, metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ), hydrolysis of fl uorescein diacetate (FDA-HR), specifi c enzyme activity, i.e. FDA-HR related to C mic , and suppression of pathogens. All samples were scanned in the visible light and near infrared regions (400-2500 nm). Cross-validation equations were developed using the whole spectrum (fi rst and second derivative) and a modifi ed partial least-square regression method. NIR predicted basal respiration and age successfully [ratio of standard deviation and standard error of cross-validation (RPD) was 4.3 or 2.9, respectively]. All other properties, i.e. C org and N t contents, C / N ratio, C mic , C mic / C org , qCO 2 , FDA-HR, specifi c enzyme activity and suppression of pathogens at an inoculation level of 5‰ related to rating or fresh weight, respectively, were predicted with moderate success (1.4 ≤ RPD ≤ 2.0). However, the coeffi cients of determination for specifi c enzyme activity and suppression of pathogens related to fresh weight were rather low (r² = 0.49 and 0.47, respectively). The results presented indicate that NIR spectroscopy is able to determine important compost quality parameters. However, further research is needed concerning the basis of and limitations for the determination of specifi c enzyme activity and suppressiveness by NIR spectroscopy.

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“…Weed assessment in Study 2 and 3. Weed control was estimated visually by two people as the percent of ground area of the planting hole covered by weeds on three occasions in 2001 and once in 2002, as described by Preusch and Tworkoski (2003). All weed species that emerged from soil in the planting hole were counted and identifi ed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weed control in transplant holes is diffi cult and hand weeding is labor intensive. Natural mulches such as ground newspaper, straw, compost, woolen fabric, living or killed sod mulches, dry soil, and shredded bark, degrade and each growing season must be reapplied to maintain weed control (Forcella et al, 2003;Masiunas et al, 1997;Preusch and Tworkoski, 2003;Takeda and Glenn, 1988;Warmund et al, 1995). These conventional mulches have benefi cial effects on plant survival, growth, and fruit yield, but they are often expensive (Dale, 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed Control with Hydrophobic and Hydrous Kaolin Clay Particle Mulches

Takeda¹,

Glenn²,

Tworkoski³

2005

HortSci

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Three experiments were performed to determine the effect of amending the soil surface layer and mulching with hydrophobic kaolin particle on weeds and blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) plants. In the first study a processed kaolin material (product M-96-018, Engelhard Corporation, Iselin, N.J.), was incorporated in August into the top 3 cm of freshly roto-tilled field that had been in pasture the previous 5 years. The following spring, dry weight of weed vegetation in the control treatment was 219 g·m–2 and was significantly higher (P = 0.05) than the 24 g·m–2 harvested from the treated soil. In two other studies, planting holes for blackberry transplants were either 1) pre- or postplant mulched with a 2- or 4-cm layer of 5% or 10% hydrophobic kaolin in field soil (w/w), or 2) postplant treated with a) napropamide, b) corn gluten meal, c) a product comprised of hydrous kaolin, cotton seed oil, and calcium chloride in water (KOL), d) hand weeded, or e) left untreated. Although untreated plots had 100% weed cover by the end of July, herbicide treatments, 4-cm deposition of hydrophobic kaolin particle/soil mulch, and KOL all suppressed weeds the entire establishment year. Preplant application of hydrophobic kaolin mulch and postplant application of KOL reduced blackberry growth and killed transplants, respectively. In year 2, blackberry plants produced more primocanes that were on average 10-cm taller in weed-free plots (herbicide, 4-cm kaolin soil mulch, and mechanical weeding) than in weedy plots (control and 2-cm kaolin soil mulch). In year 3, yield was significantly lower in control plots (1.5 kg/plant) than in plots that were treated with napropamide and 2- and 4-cm hydrophobic kaolin mulch, or hand weeded during the establishment year (4 kg/plant). The results showed that 4-cm hydrophobic kaolin mulch applied after planting can suppress weeds without affecting blackberry productivity. These kaolin products are excellent additions to the arsenal of tools for managing weeds in horticultural crops.

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Nitrogen and Phosphorus Availability and Weed Suppression from Composted Poultry Litter Applied as Mulch in a Peach Orchard

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of Five‐Year Continuous Poultry Litter Use in Cotton Production on Major Soil Nutrients

Effect of Five‐Year Continuous Poultry Litter Use in Cotton Production on Major Soil Nutrients

Determination of Chemical and Biological Properties of Composts Using near Infrared Spectroscopy

Weed Control with Hydrophobic and Hydrous Kaolin Clay Particle Mulches

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