Nitrogen and phosphorus losses in overland flow from a cattle‐grazed pasture in Southland

Smith, L. C.; Monaghan, Rachel

doi:10.1080/00288233.2003.9513549

Cited by 49 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This soil types are naturally phosphate poor (Oliveira et al, 1992), indicating that major concentration of phosphate can be related to deforestation or to an external source, like the presence of pasture. Stream draining pasture areas usually contain more phosphorus concentrations than forested areas (Cooper and Thomsen, 1988;Primavesi et al, 2002;Biggs, et al, 2006), due to the use of fertilizers in the management of pasture (Smith and Monaghan, 2003;Sigua and Chase, 2014). The study area does not present a great management of the pastures and, probably, does not have current nutrient application.…”

Section: Discussion Influence Of Dominant Land Use Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of landscape properties on stream water quality in agricultural catchments in Southeastern Brazil

Mori

Paula

Ferraz³

et al. 2015

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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-Changes in land cover, especially the replacement of forest by agricultural activities affect the hydrological processes of river catchments, resulting in physical and chemical compositional changes of water draining from affected basins. The aim of this study was to evaluate landscape influences at different spatial scales (catchment and riparian) on the physical and chemical composition of stream water in 15 agricultural catchments, belonging to the Corumbataı´basin (Brazil). We calculated the average slope (%), average elevation (m), soil classes (%), major land use classes (%), average distance from the forest cover in relation to the hydrographic network (m), largest patch index (%) at the catchment scale and riparian zone of drainage network scale within a 30 m buffer. Water samples were collected in two seasons (dry and rainy) to characterize physical and chemical properties: turbidity, suspended solids, total nitrogen, nitrate and total phosphorus. Our results showed higher concentration of nitrate in sugarcane fields and larger amount of suspended solids and turbidity in pasture areas. We concluded that degraded and highly fragmented forests may not be effectively contributing toward the protection of aquatic ecosystems.

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Section: Discussion Influence Of Dominant Land Use Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of landscape properties on stream water quality in agricultural catchments in Southeastern Brazil

Mori

Paula

Ferraz³

et al. 2015

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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“…However, proportionally more inorganic N may run off with higher fertiliser applications rates (Lambert et al 1985). In a cattle-grazed lowland pasture, levels of inorganic N runoff were found to be small relative to N leaching losses (Smith and Monaghan 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Estimates of Nitrate Leaching for Quantifying New Zealand’s Indirect Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Thomas

Ledgard

Francis

2005

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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New Zealand's indirect nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions have been estimated to contribute approximately 23% of the national nitrous oxide inventory. However, there is great uncertainty about this figure. Currently the intergovernmental panel for climate change (IPCC) calculation is used, where a proportion (Frac LEACH ) of nitrogen (N) applied to land as animal excreta or fertiliser is leached or runs off, and a further proportion is later emitted as N 2 O. New Zealand has been using a value of 0.15 (Frac LEACH [NZ] ) and this paper examined whether (Frac LEACH [NZ] ) is appropriate for New Zealand conditions. For a range of typical farming systems, we compared N leaching estimates calculated using the IPCC formula with estimates obtained using the OVERSEER Ò nutrient budget model calibrated for New Zealand conditions. The comparison suggested that Frac LEACH [NZ] is too high for dairy and sheep and beef farming systems. In contrast, the Frac LEACH values estimated for arable and intensive vegetable systems using the OVERSEER Ò model were much closer to 0.3 (the IPCC default value). However, in New Zealand, arable cropping and intensive vegetable farms occupy only a small proportion of land compared to pastoral farming. Based on this study, we suggest that a Frac LEACH value of 0.07 is appropriate for New Zealand conditions; this more accurately reflects the proportion of N applied to pastoral land that may leach or runoff. Using this value in the IPCC calculation for the New Zealand inventory would approximately halve the national estimate of indirect N 2 O emissions due to leaching or runoff of N, reducing the national estimate of N 2 O emissions by 12%.

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“…As well, grazing on wet soils can lead to degradation of soil structure, with subsequent adverse effects on pasture quality and production (Singleton et al 2000), and the generation of overland flow. Overland flow can lead to erosion of sediments and transfer of nutrients and faecal microorganisms from excreta to waterways (Smith & Monaghan 2003;Mmrhead et al 2005). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sawdust and bark to treat nitrogen and faecal bacteria in winter stand‐off pads on a dairy farm

Luo¹,

Donnison

Ross

et al. 2008

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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New Zealand farmers are increasingly using improved management systems including moving animals out of paddocks to protect wet soils from damage during winter. The cows can be held for up to 20 h a day on specially constructed unroofed outdoor stand-off pads. Afield study was undertaken to investigate excreta nitrogen (N) transformations, N and faecal bacterial transport to drainage, and denitrification N losses when Pinus radiata bark or sawdust were used as filling materials in stand-off pads. About 3 months after use only 4.0% of the N that was deposited on the bark or sawdust pad by cows had been transported to the drainage. Sim ilarly, after the 3 months of use only 9.8% of the Escherichia coli bacteria that were deposited on the bark pad had been transported to the drainage and with even less, 0.3%, leached from the sawdust pad. The sawdust pad tended to retain more Campylobacter than the bark pad. About 6 months after use, gaseous N losses due to denitrification from the sawdust or bark pad accounted for about 4.5 and 1.7% of the deposited excreta N, respectively. Denitrification activity was limited by the available nitrate in the pad materials, and decreased after cows were moved out of the pads.

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Nitrogen and phosphorus losses in overland flow from a cattle‐grazed pasture in Southland

Cited by 49 publications

References 26 publications

Influence of landscape properties on stream water quality in agricultural catchments in Southeastern Brazil

Influence of landscape properties on stream water quality in agricultural catchments in Southeastern Brazil

Improving Estimates of Nitrate Leaching for Quantifying New Zealand’s Indirect Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Sawdust and bark to treat nitrogen and faecal bacteria in winter stand‐off pads on a dairy farm

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