Nitrogen and sulfur species in Antarctic aerosols at Mawson, Palmer Station, and Marsh (King George Island)

Savoie, Dennis L.; Prospero, Joseph M.; Larsen, Randy J.; Huang, Fen; Izaguirre, Miguel; Huang, Ting Chang; Snowdon, T. H.; Custals, Lillian; Sanderson, C.G.

doi:10.1007/bf00702821

Cited by 163 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The data of Savoie et al [31] show strong evidence of a coupling between the emissions of NH 3 and DMS, with strong synchronicity between nss-SO 2− 4(p) and NH + 4(p) (Fig. 2a).…”

Section: Observed Coupling In Antarctic Datamentioning

confidence: 81%

“…data). An exception to this trend in clean marine air is the data of Savoie et al, [31] who observed substantially lower ratios (annual minimum of 0.6) at Mawson, Antarctica. In addition, their data suggest strong coupling of the seasonal trends in nss-SO 2− 4(p) and NH x(p) concentrations over a 5-year period at several Antarctic and Southern Ocean sites.…”

Section: Proposed Biogeochemical Couplingsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…2a). This 4 ) digitised by these authors from 5 years of measured data presented by Savoie et al [31] at Mawson, Antarctica; (b) NH + 4 : nss-SO 2− 4 molar ratio calculated from the data in (a); (c) monthly averaged surface seawater NH x concentrations from the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) Southern Ocean dataset (http://usjgofs.whoi. edu/jg/dir/jgofs/southern/, accessed April 2008), and (d) from the Rothera Atlantic Time-Series.…”

Section: Observed Coupling In Antarctic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupling between dimethylsulfide emissions and the ocean - atmosphere exchange of ammonia

Johnson

Bell

2008

Environ. Chem.

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Environmental context. Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is recognised as a potentially significant climate-forcing gas, owing to its role in particle and cloud formation in the marine atmosphere, where it is the dominant source of acidity. Ammonia, the dominant naturally occurring base in the atmosphere, plays an important role in neutralising particles formed from DMS oxidation products and may even enhance the formation rate of new particles. A biogeochemical coupling has previously been proposed between DMS and ammonia fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere, in the form of coproduction of the two gases in seawater. We revise this suggestion by introducing the concept of 'co-emission' of the gases, where DMS emission controls the rate of emission of ammonia from the ocean by acidifying the atmosphere. Abstract.A strong correlation between aerosol ammonium and non-sea salt sulfate is commonly observed in the remote marine boundary layer. It has been suggested that this relationship implies a biogeochemical linkage between the nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) cycles at the cellular biochemical level in phytoplankton in the ocean, or a linkage in the atmosphere (see P. S. Liss and J. N. Galloway, Interactions of C, N, P and S biogeochemical cycles and global change (Springer, 1993), and P. K. Quinn et al. in J. Geophys. Res. -Atmos. 1990, 95). We argue that an oceanic linkage is unlikely and draw on mechanistic and observational evidence to make the argument that the atmospheric connection is based on simple physical chemistry. Drawing on an established analogous concept in terrestrial trace gas biogeochemistry, we propose that any emission of dimethylsulfide (DMS) from the ocean will indirectly influence the flux of NH 3 from the ocean, through the neutralisation of acidic DMS oxidation products and consequent lowering of the partial pressure of NH 3 in the atmosphere. We present a simple numerical model to investigate this hypothesised phenomenon, using a parameterisation of the rate and thermodynamics of gas-to-particle conversion of NH x and explicitly modelled oceanatmosphere NH 3 exchange. The model indicates that emission of acidic sulfur to the atmosphere (e.g. as a product of DMS oxidation) may enhance the marine emission of NH 3 . It also suggests that the ratio of ammonium to non-sea salt sulfate in the aerosol phase is strongly dependent on seawater pH, temperature and wind speed -factors that control the ocean-atmosphere ammonia flux. Therefore, it is not necessary to invoke a stoichiometric link between production rates of DMS and ammonia in the ocean to explain a given ammonium to non-sea salt sulfate ratio in the aerosol. We speculate that this mechanism, which can provide a continuous resupply of ammonia to the atmosphere, may be involved in a series of biogeochemical-climate feedbacks. His research interests are biogeochemical cycles taking place both within and between the ocean and its overlying atmosphere, with a focus on biogenic trace gases. He is currently working with Peter Liss as part of the Surfac...

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“…The data of Savoie et al [31] show strong evidence of a coupling between the emissions of NH 3 and DMS, with strong synchronicity between nss-SO 2− 4(p) and NH + 4(p) (Fig. 2a).…”

Section: Observed Coupling In Antarctic Datamentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Proposed Biogeochemical Couplingsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Observed Coupling In Antarctic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupling between dimethylsulfide emissions and the ocean - atmosphere exchange of ammonia

Johnson

Bell

2008

Environ. Chem.

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“…At coastal Antarctica, where the sea-salt source of the polar ocean is seen much more strongly, records exists back to 1983 at Neumayer [Wagenbach et al, 1988] and back to 1987 at Mawson [Prospero et al, 1991]. They are supplemented by shorter observations at the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula [Savoie et al, 1993] which are, however, less representative for the marginal ice sheet regions. As reviewed by Wagenbach [1996], no conclusive picture could be derived so far from these records on their link to the annual sea ice cycle, making the principal source area responsible for highly elevated sea-salt concentrations during winter essentially unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea‐salt aerosol in coastal Antarctic regions

Wagenbach¹,

Ducroz²,

Mulvaney³

et al. 1998

J. Geophys. Res.

300

321

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“…As seen in the figure, while high AOD were observed at Belgrano during most of the sunlit period, the AOD at Marambio intensified from September until December. The geographical variability of the aerosol load within Antarctica has already been reported (e.g., Savoie et al, 1993;Minikin et al, 1998), although further studies on the distribution of aerosols are needed in order to understand the interannual variability of the different sources (e.g., Giordano et 5 al., 2017). Further insights of the aerosol properties within the Antarctic troposphere during 2015 will be provided in a following work (Gómez-Martín et al, 2018, in preparation).…”

Section: Doas Observations: Bro Vcd2km and Aod2kmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive bromine in the low troposphere of Antarctica. Estimations at two research sites

Prados-Román¹,

Gómez²,

Puentedura³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract.For decades, reactive halogen species (RHS) have been subject of detailed scientific research due to their influence on the 20 oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere and on the climate. From the RHS, those containing bromine are of particular interest in the polar troposphere as a result of their link to ozone depletion events (ODEs) and to the perturbation of the cycle of e.g. the toxic mercury. Given its remoteness and related limited accessibility compared to the Arctic region, the RHS in the Antarctic troposphere are still poorly characterized. This work presents ground-based observations of tropospheric BrO from two different Antarctic locations: Marambio (64º 13' S, 56º 37' W) and Belgrano II (77º 52' S, 34º 37' W) during the sunlit period 25 of 2015. By means of MAX-DOAS (Multi-axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) measurements of BrO performed from the two research sites, the seasonal variation of this reactive trace gas is described along with its vertical and geographical distribution in the Antarctic environment. Results show an overall vertical profile of BrO mixing ratio decreasing with altitude, with a median value of 1.6 pmol mol -1 in the lowest layers of the troposphere and undetectable values above 2 km at both sites. Additionally, observations show that the polar sunrise triggers a heterogeneous increase of bromine content 30 in the Antarctic troposphere yielding a maximum BrO at Marambio (26 pmol mol -1 ), amounting threefold the values observed at Belgrano at dawn. Data presented herein are combined with previous studies and ancillary data to update and expand our knowledge of the geographical and vertical distribution of BrO in the Antarctic troposphere, revealing Marambio as one of the locations with highest BrO reported so far in Antarctica. Furthermore, the observations gathered during 2015 serve as a proxy to investigate the budget of reactive bromine (BrOx = Br + BrO) and the bromine-mediated ozone loss rate in the Antarctic 35 troposphere.

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Nitrogen and sulfur species in Antarctic aerosols at Mawson, Palmer Station, and Marsh (King George Island)

Cited by 163 publications

References 35 publications

Coupling between dimethylsulfide emissions and the ocean - atmosphere exchange of ammonia

Coupling between dimethylsulfide emissions and the ocean - atmosphere exchange of ammonia

Sea‐salt aerosol in coastal Antarctic regions

Reactive bromine in the low troposphere of Antarctica. Estimations at two research sites

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