Nitrogen Balance for the Central Arizona-Phoenix (CAP) Ecosystem

Baker, Lawrence A.; Hope, Diane; Xu, Ying; Edmonds, Jennifer W.; Lauver, Lisa

doi:10.1007/s10021-001-0031-2

Cited by 306 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…While in 1949 the average patch size of agricultural land-uses increased with the distance from the inner city, cultivated land in 2008 showed a significant reduction in the class area and fragmentation at higher distances from Rome. These results confirm the assumptions of the mono-centric model and point out the environmental implications of land fragmentation in terms of landscape resilience, soil degradation and biodiversity loss (Baker et al, 2001;McIntyre et al, 2001). The conservation of peri-urban agriculture is an indirect measure for biodiversity conservation, soil resources preservation and maintenance of high level of human wellbeing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Land-Use Structure and Urbanization-Driven Land Fragmentation: Revisiting the Monocentric Model in a Sprawling Region

Ranalli¹,

Salvati²

2015

ESR&P

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Land-Use Structure and Urbanization-Driven Land Fragmentation: Revisiting the Monocentric Model in a Sprawling Region

Ranalli¹,

Salvati²

2015

ESR&P

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“…In our study, fertilizer N application increased environmental risk. NSI increased from 88.83 kg/ha in 1990 to 158.76 kg/ha in 2010 (Table 1), a level that far exceeds that of the Midwestern United States (10 kg N/(ha·year)), Western Kenya (−52 kg N/(ha·year)), or the United Kingdom (51 kg N/(ha·year)) (Baker et al, 2001;Lord et al, 2002;Vitousek et al, 2009). NSI in the Haihe Basin also exceeded the standard limit (60 kg N/ha on sandy soils and 100 kg N/ha on clay soils) for possible nitrate leaching into ground and surface waters at a regional or national scale (Hou et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in nitrogen budget and potential risk to the environment over 20years (1990–2010) in the agroecosystems of the Haihe Basin, China

Zheng

Ying-xia

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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The nitrogen balance can serve as an indicator of the risk to the environment of nitrogen loss from agricultural land. To investigate the temporal and spatial changes in agricultural nitrogen application and its potential threat to the environment of the Haihe Basin in China, we used a database of county-level agricultural statistics to calculate agricultural nitrogen input, output, surplus intensity, and use efficiency. Chemical fertilizer nitrogen input increased by 51.7% from partly due to fertilizer composition and type improvement. This level indicates that more than half of nitrogen inputs are lost in agroecosystems. Our results suggest that although the improvement in fertilizer composition and types has partially offset the decrease in nitrogen use efficiency, the environmental risk has still increased gradually over the past 20 years, along with the increase in crop yields and nitrogen application. It is important to achieve a better nitrogen balance through more effective management to significantly reduce the environmental risk, decrease nitrogen surplus intensity, and increase nitrogen use efficiency without sacrificing crop yields.

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“…Higher N inputs (e.g., from atmospheric pollution and lawn fertilizer) may also contribute to greater rates of NPP, C and N turnover and net N losses in urbanized ecosystems as compared to surrounding native ones (Baker et al 2001;Groffman et al 2004;Law et al 2004;Hope et al 2005). Yet, urbanized ecosystems have also been observed to retain large amounts of their N inputs (possibly in soils), upwards of 75% as observed in Baltimore, MD (Groffman et al 2004).…”

Section: Ecosystem Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, urbanized ecosystems have also been observed to retain large amounts of their N inputs (possibly in soils), upwards of 75% as observed in Baltimore, MD (Groffman et al 2004). Because so few studies have been conducted to date, many opportunities exist for generating fundamentally new data about how urbanization affects rates of N turnover, accumulation and loss in urban soils at local scales and, in turn, contributes to altered patterns of N cycling at regional and global scales (Baker et al 2001;Kaye et al 2004Kaye et al , 2006. The studies discussed above compared ecosystem processes between urbanized and nonurbanized ecosystems.…”

Section: Ecosystem Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat structure: A fundamental concept and framework for urban soil ecology

Byrne

2007

Urban Ecosyst

116

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Habitat structure is defined as the composition and arrangement of physical matter at a location. Although habitat structure is the physical template underlying ecological patterns and processes, the concept is relatively unappreciated and underdeveloped in ecology. However, it provides a fundamental concept for urban ecology because human activities in urban ecosystems are often targeted toward management of habitat structure. In addition, the concept emphasizes the fine-scale, on-the-ground perspective needed in the study of urban soil ecology. To illustrate this, urban soil ecology research is summarized from the perspective of habitat structure effects. Among the key conclusions emerging from the literature review are: (1) habitat structure provides a unifying theme for multivariate research about urban soil ecology; (2) heterogeneous urban habitat structures influence soil ecological variables in different ways; (3) more research is needed to understand relationships among sociological variables, habitat structure patterns and urban soil ecology. To stimulate urban soil ecology research, a conceptual framework is presented to show the direct and indirect relationships among habitat structure and ecological variables. Because habitat structure serves as a physical link between sociocultural and ecological systems, it can be used as a focus for interdisciplinary and applied research (e.g., pest management) about the multiple, interactive effects of urbanization on the ecology of soils.

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Nitrogen Balance for the Central Arizona-Phoenix (CAP) Ecosystem

Cited by 306 publications

References 44 publications

Land-Use Structure and Urbanization-Driven Land Fragmentation: Revisiting the Monocentric Model in a Sprawling Region

Land-Use Structure and Urbanization-Driven Land Fragmentation: Revisiting the Monocentric Model in a Sprawling Region

Changes in nitrogen budget and potential risk to the environment over 20years (1990–2010) in the agroecosystems of the Haihe Basin, China

Habitat structure: A fundamental concept and framework for urban soil ecology

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