Nitrogen Balance in Soil Columns Intermittently Flooded with Secondary Sewage Effluent

Lance, J. C.; Whisler, F. D.

doi:10.2134/jeq1972.00472425000100020017x

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Thus, divalent cations can be particularly effective in increasing adsorption by compressing the Gouy layers around both virus and soil particles. This phenomenon could explain the desorption and enhanced movement of viruses observed by Duboise et al 189 and Lance et al 138 when deionized water was cycled with secondarily treated wastewater percolates in sandy soil columns. Thus, both the adsorption and desorption isotherms may be important in predicting virus transport.…”

Section: Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Modeling microbial fate in the subsurface environment

Yates

Gerba

1988

Critical Reviews in Environmental Control

146

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Section: Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Modeling microbial fate in the subsurface environment

Yates

Gerba

1988

Critical Reviews in Environmental Control

146

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“…Finally, some biological removal through denitrification may have occurred in anaerobic microsites in the unsaturated zone. However, the short flooding and drying cycles by which effluent was discharged and the rotational use of the eight infiltration beds was unlikely to result in widespread anaerobiosis in the unsaturated zone [Lance and Whisler, 1972;Bouwer, 1985]. This is supported by results of soil-gas sampling completed in July 1992, when maximum microbial uptake rates would be expected.…”

Section: Mass Balance Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Nitrogen transport and transformations in a shallow aquifer receiving wastewater discharge: A mass balance approach

DeSimone¹,

Howes²

1998

Water Resources Research

132

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Abstract. Nitrogen transport and transformations were followed over the initial 3 years of development of a plume of wastewater-contaminated groundwater in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Ammonification and nitrification in the unsaturated zone and ammonium sorption in the saturated zone were predominant, while loss of fixed nitrogen through denitrification was minor. The major effect of transport was the oxidation of discharged organic and inorganic forms to nitrate, which was the dominant nitrogen form in transit to receiving systems. Ammonification and nitrification in the unsaturated zone transformed 16-19% and 50-70%, respectively, of the total nitrogen mass discharged to the land surface during the study but did not attenuate the nitrogen loading. Nitrification in the unsaturated zone also contributed to a p H decrease of 2 standard units and to an N20 increase (46-660 •g N/L in the plume). Other processes in the unsaturated zone had little net effect: Ammonium sorption removed <1% of the total discharged nitrogen mass; filtering of particulate organic nitrogen was less than 3%; ammonium and nitrate assimilation was less than 6%; and ammonia volatilization was less than 0.25%. In the saturated zone a central zone of anoxic groundwater (DO _< 0.05 mg/L) was first detected 17 months after effluent discharge to the aquifer began, which expanded at about the groundwater-flow velocity. Although nitrate was dominant at the water table, the low, carbon-limited rates of denitrification in the anoxic zone (3.0-9.6 (ng N/cm3)/d) reduced only about 2% of the recharged nitrogen mass to N2. In contrast, ammonium sorption in the saturated zone removed about 16% of the recharged nitrogen mass from the groundwater. Ammonium sorption was primarily limited to anoxic zone, where nitrification was prevented, and was best described by a Langmuir isotherm in which effluent ionic concentrations were simulated. The initial nitrogen load discharged from the groundwater system may depend largely on the growth and stability of the sorbed ammonium pool, which in turn depends on effluent-loading practices, subsurface microbial processes, and saturation of available exchange sites.

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“…Various mechanisms have been invoked in the literature to account for the microbial clogging of porous media. They include the plugging of the 2173 pores by bacterial cells [McCalla, 1945[McCalla, , 1950Gupta and Swartzendruber, 1962;Vandevivere and Bayeye, 1992a], the production of extracellular polymers [Allison, 1947;Avnimelech and Nero, 1964;Mitchell and Nero, 1964;Nero and Mitchell, 1967;Shaw et al, 1985;Vandevivere and Bayeye, 1992a, b], the release of gas bubbles [Ahmad, 1963], in particular by denitrifiers [Oberdorfer and Peterson, 1985;McCalla, 1950;Lance and Whisler, 1972] and by methanogens [Swartzendruber and Gupta, 1964;Sanchez de Lozada et al, 1994], the precipitation in soil pores of FeS and MnS as a result of the activity of sulfatereducing bacteria [van Beek, 1984;Ford et al, 1968], and the deposition of Fe hydroxydes or Mn oxides resulting from the metabolism of Fe bacteria [Kuntze, 1982;van Beek, 1984].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Clogging of Saturated Soils and Aquifer Materials: Evaluation of Mathematical Models

Vandevivere¹,

Baveye²,

Lozada³

et al. 1995

Water Resources Research

129

105

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Bacterial reductions of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of natural porous media appear to be caused by a wide range of mechanisms, few of which have been carefully studied. Nevertheless, a number of mathematical models have been developed in recent years to describe the microbial clogging process, based on the assumption that bacterial cells form impermeable biofilms uniformly covering pore walls. In the present study, two independent sets of experimental data available in the literature are used to test the existing bioclogging models. To broaden the scope of the assessment, an additional model, initially developed to describe the deep filtration of suspended colloids, is also included in the comparisons. Analysis of the experimental data reveals a clear relationship between the texture of a porous medium and the ability of a given level of biomass to reduce its saturated hydraulic conductivity; at equal biomass, clogging is much more pronounced in fine-textured materials than in coarse-textured ones. In addition, the results of the model comparisons suggest that none of the existing models can predict satisfactorily the saturated hydraulic conductivity reductions observed in fine sands, whereas they fare somewhat better in coarser materials. It is argued that this inadequacy of existing models is due to the continuous biofilm assumption on which they are founded. Indeed, a simplistic model that assumes the biomass to be distributed as plugs instead of as continuous biofilms produces quantitatively much improved predictions of the saturated hydraulic conductivity reductions. Reference is made to the consequences of this observation in terms of future research.

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Nitrogen Balance in Soil Columns Intermittently Flooded with Secondary Sewage Effluent

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Modeling microbial fate in the subsurface environment

Modeling microbial fate in the subsurface environment

Nitrogen transport and transformations in a shallow aquifer receiving wastewater discharge: A mass balance approach

Microbial Clogging of Saturated Soils and Aquifer Materials: Evaluation of Mathematical Models

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