Nitrogen Balance of Men Fed Amino Acid Mixtures Based on Rose's Requirements, Egg White Protein, and Serum Free Amino Acid Patterns

Weller, Lee Alyce; Calloway, Doris Howes; Margen, Sheldon

doi:10.1093/jn/101.11.1499

Cited by 45 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The earlier investigations concerning the essentiality of histidine were largely limited to nitrogen balance techniques, and it is of interest that recently Anderson and Linkswiler observed a decrease in plasma histidine levels in healthy adults ingesting histidine-free diets (23). Moreover, several investigators have found that nitrogen balance is not maintained in healthy subjects fed diets containing the eight essential amino acids and one or more nonessential amino acids, but not histidine (24)(25)(26). These results were observed whether the essential amino acids were fed in amounts equal to or greater than the minimum requirements defined by Rose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence that histidine is an essential amino acid in normal and chronically uremic man.

Kopple¹,

Swendseid²

1975

J. Clin. Invest.

221

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A B S T R A C T The requirement for dietary histidine was investigated in four normal and three chronically uremic men. Subjects lived in a metabolic unit where they were fed three isonitrogenous diets in the following order: a 40-g protein diet (28±SD 8 days), a semisynthetic amino acid diet deficient in histidine (35±2 days), and an amino acid diet which contained histidine (31±5 days). With ingestion of the histidine-deficient diet, nitrogen balance gradually became negative, and serum albumin decreased in six subjects. Plasma histidine fell by 82±6%; muscle histidine decreased by 62± 19%; the hematocrit fell by 25+9%; and serum iron rose. Subjects felt unwell, and in five cases a skin lesion consisting of fine scales, dry skin, and mild erythema developed. After administration of the histidine-repletion diet, nitrogen balance became positive in six subjects; serum albumin increased in five cases; plasma and muscle histidine rose; serum iron fell abruptly; a reticulocytosis ensued; and the hematocrit rose. The clinical symptoms and skin lesions disappeared. These observations indicate that histidine is an essential amino acid in normal and chronically uremic man. The absence of dietary histidine is associated with failure of normal erythropoiesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results were observed whether the essential amino acids were fed in amounts equal to or greater than the minimum requirements defined by Rose. Weller, Calloway, and Margen have suggested that this failure to achieve nitrogen balance may be due to the lack of dietary histidine (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence that histidine is an essential amino acid in normal and chronically uremic man.

Kopple¹,

Swendseid²

1975

J. Clin. Invest.

221

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“…This level and pattern of amino acid intake satisfied an additional desideratum to keep the methionine intake reasonably low to avoid insofar as possible the accumulation of what might be considered "toxic" concentrations of methionine metabolites in the patients with transsulfuration defects. As has been pointed out (41) this diet satisfies the minimum essential amino acid requirements proposed by Rose and Wixom (42) and others (43,44). However, recent results suggest that this regimen may be marginally inadequate for maintenance of true nitrogen balance (41,45,46).…”

Section: Urinary Sulfur Partition Studiesmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…As has been pointed out (41) this diet satisfies the minimum essential amino acid requirements proposed by Rose and Wixom (42) and others (43,44). However, recent results suggest that this regimen may be marginally inadequate for maintenance of true nitrogen balance (41,45,46). Although, in practice, our normal subjects on the basal semisynthetic diet containing virtually no cystine remained within the zone of nitrogen equilibrium (Table III), these relatively short-term studies do not prove the complete, long-term nutritional adequacy of the diets employed.…”

Section: Urinary Sulfur Partition Studiesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Homocystinuria due to cystathionine synthase deficiency. Studies of nitrogen balance and sulfur excretion.

Poole¹,

Mudd²,

Conerly³

et al. 1975

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…21 Dr Calloway and her doctoral student, Dr Lee Weller, studied the ability of different amino acid mixtures to support nitrogen balance in men. 22 Their data showed for the first time that tryptophan was essential along with the other 8 essential amino acids for the men to establish nitrogen balance. Dr Calloway and her graduate student, Dr Allison Yates Zezulka, also tested the adequacy of the new Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) sulfur-amino acid recommendation (910 mg/d) in young men.…”

Section: General Themes Of the Penthouse Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doris Howes Calloway

et al. 2022

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Although the importance of diet quality was identified more than 120 years ago, it was nearly 60 years before the specific quantitative nutrient needs for humans were determined. Dr Doris Howes Calloway, a nutrition professor at the University of California in Berkeley, established a metabolic unit for studying human nutrient requirements. This article reviews the early origins of human nutrition research and the unique contributions of Dr Calloway worldwide. Nutr Today 2022;57(3):159-165 ORIGINS OF HUMAN NUTRITION RESEARCHHuman nutrition research in the United States has its roots in the US Department of Agriculture where W.O. Atwater 1 developed the bomb calorimeter to measure energy expenditure in humans. He described the need for a calorim-eter over 120 years ago as necessary because many are addicted to the habit of overeating. Thus, concerns about overeating formed the basis for human nutrition research in the late 1890s. Atwater was the first to develop nutritional sciences in the United States. All of the previous work had been conducted in Europe where Atwater trained with Voit (1831Voit ( -1908, who recognized that the oxidation of protein, carbohydrate, and fat provided the energy needed to support metabolism as well as physical activity. After returning to the United States in 1888, Atwater became the chief of the newly formed Office of Experiment Stations within the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Atwater also was a professor of chemistry at Wesleyan University. This dual appointment with the USDA and the university became the basis for nutrition research within experiment stations at land-grant universities that still continues today. With assistance from others who were physicists, including E.B. Rosa and J.F. Snell, Atwater constructed the first calorimeter in the United States that was used to determine the energy requirements of humans. 2 The initial calorimeter was built at the Cornell Medical College to determine the energy needs of babies and small animals. A second larger calorimeter to study adults was built at The Pennsylvania State University. 3 These early scientists described the basic laws for deriving energy from food that are still valid today. For example, the primary law is "the nutrients of the food combine within the body with oxygen of the air and undergo combustion, thus liberating energy for the body."Human nutrition research had its roots in the late 1890s to address concerns about overeating.After initially recognizing the dietary need for energy, scientists quickly identified the dietary need for vitamins and minerals. 2 At the beginning of the 20th century, only 3

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Nitrogen Balance of Men Fed Amino Acid Mixtures Based on Rose's Requirements, Egg White Protein, and Serum Free Amino Acid Patterns

Cited by 45 publications

References 13 publications

Evidence that histidine is an essential amino acid in normal and chronically uremic man.

Evidence that histidine is an essential amino acid in normal and chronically uremic man.

Homocystinuria due to cystathionine synthase deficiency. Studies of nitrogen balance and sulfur excretion.

Doris Howes Calloway

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