Nitrogen‐Based Fuels: A Power‐to‐Fuel‐to‐Power Analysis

Abstract

alternative fuels ·c hemical hydrogen storage · energy conversion ·n itrogen ·nitrogen-based fuels

Experimental investigation on laminar burning velocities of ammonia/hydrogen/air mixtures at elevated temperatures

“…However, renewable hydrogen from electrolysis could be used instead while ensuring a satisfactory stability of the Haber-Bosch process [6]. Grinberg Dana et al showed that NH 3 exhibits the highest Power-to-Fuel-to-Power ratio when compared with methane, methanol and dimethyl-ether [7].…”

Combustion in the future: The importance of chemistry

“…Further options of interest for combustion applications are being proposed, e.g., those derived from energy vectors such as NH 3 . Grinberg Dana et al [43 , 44] consider nitrogen-based fuels in non-toxic, safe-to-handle aqueous solutions such as ammonium nitrate-based compositions including ammonium hydroxide or urea. The authors have compared seven synthetic fuels, namely methane, methanol, DME, ammonia, and such nitrogen-containing aqueous fuels in terms of a power-to-fuel-to-power assessment [43] .…”

“…Grinberg Dana et al [43 , 44] consider nitrogen-based fuels in non-toxic, safe-to-handle aqueous solutions such as ammonium nitrate-based compositions including ammonium hydroxide or urea. The authors have compared seven synthetic fuels, namely methane, methanol, DME, ammonia, and such nitrogen-containing aqueous fuels in terms of a power-to-fuel-to-power assessment [43] . This methodology relates the available output power by the fuel's combustion to the energy required for its production (considering air separation, water splitting, and fuel synthesis) and distribution.…”

“…This methodology relates the available output power by the fuel's combustion to the energy required for its production (considering air separation, water splitting, and fuel synthesis) and distribution. While some of the proposed aqueous fuels perform quite well in this analysis [43] , their combustion reactions and efficiency are not sufficiently known, with only exemplary laboratory studies of their combustion behavior [44] .…”

Steric Switching From Photochemical to Thermal N2 Splitting: A Computational Analysis of the Isomerization Reaction {(Cp*)(Am)Mo}2(μ-η1:η1-N2) → {(Cp*)(Am)Mo}2(μ-N)2

“…While a molecular catalyst for NH 3 production may never be efficient enough to replace the highly optimized Haber-Bosch process, research in this area results in valuable insights into the fundamental principles and electronic structure requirements for N 2 activation. This in turn may not only be relevant for fertilizer production, but also for alternative fuels that are based on nitrogen instead of carbon (Schlögl, 2010) (Grinberg et al, 2016; Chen et al, 2018). Catalysts that produce ammonia from dinitrogen are based on molybdenum, iron and cobalt (Roux et al, 2017), with many more elements known to be capable of binding N 2 and activating the strong N-N bond (Burford and Fryzuk, 2017; Klopsch et al, 2017).…”