Nitrogen budgets for the Republic of Korea and the Yellow Sea region

Bashkin, Vladimir N.; Park, S. U.; Choi, Man-Sik; Lee, C. B.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3405-9_12

Cited by 32 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…At the scale of large regions, estimates of denitrification as a percentage of Nr inputs include 33% for land areas draining to the North Atlantic Ocean and 37% for land areas draining to the Yellow-Bohai Seas (Bashkin et al 2002). Country-scale estimates of the percentage of Nr inputs that are denitrified to N 2 in soils and waters include $40% for the Netherlands (Kroeze et al 2003), 32% for the USA , 15% for China (Tartowski and Zhu 2002), and 16% for the Republic of Korea (Bashkin et al 2002).…”

Section: Landscape-scale Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last several years, a number of recent papers have addressed the N cycle on a global scale (e.g., Ayres et al 1994;Mackenzie 1994;Galloway et al 1995;Vitousek et al 1997;Galloway 1998;); a regional scale (Asia -Galloway 2000; Zheng et al 2002;Bashkin et al 2002;North Atlantic Ocean and watershed -Galloway et al 1996;Howarth et al 1996;oceans -Karl 1999;Capone 2001;Karl et al 2002;Europe -van Egmond et al 2002;United States -Howarth et al 2002); and on major components of the N cycle (food production - Smil 1999Smil , 2002Oenema and Pietrzak 2002;Cassman et al 2002;Roy et al 2002;fertilizer production -Fixen and West 2002; fossil fuel combustion - Bradley and Jones 2002;Moomaw 2002; industrial uses of Nr -Febre Domene and Ayres 2001; the atmosphere - Holland et al 1999;BNF -Cleveland et al 1999;Karl 1999Karl , 2002Vitousek et al 2002) and its relationship to public policy (Socolow 1999;Mosier et al 2001;Melillo and Cowling 2002). Using these previous papers as a foundation, the results of the multi-year SCOPE project , and the findings of the Second International Nitrogen Conference , this paper addresses the following questions:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen Cycles: Past, Present, and Future

et al. 2004

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This paper contrasts the natural and anthropogenic controls on the conversion of unreactive N 2 to more reactive forms of nitrogen (Nr). A variety of data sets are used to construct global N budgets for 1860 and the early 1990s and to make projections for the global N budget in 2050. Regional N budgets for Asia, North America, and other major regions for the early 1990s, as well as the marine N budget, are presented to highlight the dominant fluxes of nitrogen in each region. Important findings are that human activities increasingly dominate the N budget at the global and at most regional scales, the terrestrial and open ocean N budgets are essentially disconnected, and the fixed forms of N are accumulating in most environmental reservoirs. The largest uncertainties in our understanding of the N budget at most scales are the rates of natural biological nitrogen fixation, the amount of Nr storage in most environmental reservoirs, and the production rates of N 2 by denitrification.

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Section: Landscape-scale Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Cycles: Past, Present, and Future

et al. 2004

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“…The N inputs Xux may be varied signiWcantly due to land use component, agricultural practices and human activities. However, this fertilizer-dominated input pattern can be found among watersheds at diVerent scales in diVerent regions (Bashkin et al 2002;Breemen et al 2002;Xing and Zhu 2002).…”

Section: Sources Of N Inputmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The actual N input of biological Wxation could be higher if the forest Wxation was included, although the Wxation rate in forest lands is very low. An assumed Wxation rate of 1 kg N ha ¡1 year ¡1 was used in the regional N budget studies in South Korean agricultural areas (Bashkin et al 2002). The area of forest in JRW is 984,900 ha, then the Wxation in forest equals to 984.9 t year ¡1 .…”

Section: Biological Wxationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen sources and exports in an agricultural watershed in Southeast China

et al. 2008

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The nitrogen (N) budget was developed for Jiulong River Watershed (JRW), an agricultural watershed in a warm and humid area of southeast China. Water quality monitoring, Weld surveys, modelling and GIS techniques were applied to estimate N Xux of atmospheric deposition, mineralization, runoV, denitriWcation, and ammonia volatilization. Over the whole watershed, fertilizers, import of animal feeds, biotic Wxation, mineralization and atmospheric deposition contributed 67.1%, 16.5%, 2.1%, 4.9% and 9.5%, respectively, of total N input (129.3 kg N ha ¡1 year ¡1 ). RunoV, sale of production, denitriWcation, and ammonia volatilization contributed 7.3%, 24.4%, 10.5% and 57.8% of total N output (72.9 kg N ha ¡1 year ¡1 ), respectively. The N budget for the JRW suggested that more than 50% of the N input was lost to the environment, and about 14% was discharged as riverine N, which indicated that agricultural and human activities in the watershed substantially impacted the estuary and coastal water quality, and so altered the N biogeochemistry process.

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“…Recently Millennium Ecosystem Assessment argued that nitrogen fluxes in the rivers to the sea over the past four decades have increased 17 times in South Korea, mostly due to the application of fertilizers, which is the largest change in the world (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005, Table 4-1). Baskin et al (2002) had also asserted that a doubling of N content in the Yellow Sea occurred every 3 years during 1994-1997 due to the human derived N inputs. These two assessments need to be appraised independently for clear understanding of nutrient dynamics in the Yellow Sea in future.…”

Section: Nutrients In the Chinese Estuariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient budgets for large Chinese estuaries

et al. 2009

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Abstract.Chinese rivers deliver about 5-10% of global freshwater input and 15-20% of the global continental sediment to the world ocean. We report the riverine fluxes and concentrations of major nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon) in the rivers of the contiguous landmass of China and Korea in the northeast Asia. The rivers are generally enriched with dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and depleted in dissolved inorganic phosphate (PO 3− 4 ) with very high DIN: PO 3− 4 concentration ratios. DIN, phosphorus, and silicon levels and loads in rivers are mainly affected by agriculture activities and urbanization, anthropogenic activities and adsorption on particulates, and rock types, climate and physical denudation intensity, respectively. Nutrient transports by rivers in the summer are 3-4 times higher than those in the winter with the exception of NH + 4 . The flux of NH + 4 is rather constant throughout the year due to the anthropogenic sources such as the sewer discharge. As nutrient composition has changed in the rivers, ecosystems in estuaries and coastal sea have also changed in recent decades. Among the changes, a shift of limiting nutrients from phosphorus to nitrogen for phytoplankton production with urbanization is noticeable and in some areas silicon becomes the limiting nutrient for diatom productivity. A simple steady-state massbalance box model was employed to assess nutrient budgets in the estuaries. The major Chinese estuaries export <15% of nitrogen, <6% of phosphorus required for phytoplankton production and ∼4% of silicon required for diatom growth in the Chinese Seas (Bohai, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea). This suggests that land-derived nutrients areCorrespondence to: S. M. Liu (sumeiliu@ouc.edu.cn) largely confined to the immediate estuaries, and ecosystem in the coastal sea beyond the estuaries is mainly supported by other nutrient sources such as regeneration, open ocean and atmospheric deposition.

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Nitrogen budgets for the Republic of Korea and the Yellow Sea region

Cited by 32 publications

References 9 publications

Nitrogen Cycles: Past, Present, and Future

Nitrogen Cycles: Past, Present, and Future

Nitrogen sources and exports in an agricultural watershed in Southeast China

Nutrient budgets for large Chinese estuaries

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