Nitrogen Compound Distribution in Refined Middle Distillate Fuels

Pasquale, A. J.; Bauserman, J. M.; Mushrush, George W.

doi:10.1080/10916460802686749

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Basic N species usually include pyridines, quinolines, benzoquinolines, and their alkylated derivatives. Extraction and concentration of N compounds have been performed by either liquid/ liquid extraction (LLE) 12 or solid-phase extraction (SPE), 13,14 although the quantitative fractionation of neutral and basic N compounds is subject to continuing research. 15 Several methods involving petroleum and petroleum product analysis of N-containing compounds have been developed using a variety of analytical techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Several methods involving petroleum and petroleum product analysis of N-containing compounds have been developed using a variety of analytical techniques. These include gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/ MS), 12,14 GC equipped with a pulsed flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) and ammonia chemical ionization MS, 16 particle beam liquid chromatography/MS (LC/MS), [17][18][19] mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, 20 positive-ion electrospray ionization MS (ESI þ ), 21 time-of-flight secondary ion MS (TOF SIMS) 22 and electron ionization, field desorption ionization, and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS (FT-ICR MS). 8 Although several fractionation steps and the most powerful analytical instrumentation may be employed, it is still not possible to speciate (separate) all N-containing compounds in petroleum samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in Heavy Gas Oil Petroleum Fractions Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Coupled to Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nitrogen (N)-containing compounds are naturally present in petroleum, and they are responsible for several deleterious effects that reduce the quality of products and negatively affect the processes involved in the upgrading of feedstock. The speciation of such compounds in petroleum heavy fractions is still a challenge. In the present work, N-containing compounds were characterized in heavy gas oil (HGO) fractions using a solid−liquid fractionation scheme and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Classification and identification of compounds were carried out based on seven different categories of analytical information viz. retention times in first and second dimensions, analytical standards co-injection, the structured pattern of the separation space, the structured pattern of the separation space with the selection of specific m/z values, the library mass spectra match factor, and the characteristic deconvoluted mass spectra. All of these interpretations were available from a single analytical run followed by a standard injection. Compounds were extracted from the sample using an ion-exchange resin method to separate neutral and basic N-containing compounds, after a pre-fractionation step, using neutral aluminum oxide. This methodology allowed for the identification of 120 N-containing compounds and tentative identification of a further 108 compounds using their deconvoluted characteristic mass spectra as a basis for identification. Identified components included alkyl-indols, alkyl-carbazols, alkyl-benzocarbazols, alkyl-quinolines, alkyl-indene-pyridines, alkyl-benzoquinolines, and alkyl-dibenzoquinolines.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%