Nitrogen compounds in natural water—A review

Feth, J. H.

doi:10.1029/wr002i001p00041

Cited by 86 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Experiences in other countries show that private water sources can contain considerable amounts of nitrate, especially when primitive shallow wells had been in use (Lee, 1970). In such cases the main source of nitrate contamination is fecal dumping, both animal and human (Feth, 1966). Another hypothesis concerns the role of Helicobacter pylori.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case‐control study on stomach cancer in Germany

Boeing

Frentzel‐Beyme

Berger

et al. 1991

Intl Journal of Cancer

175

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A multicentric hospital-based case-control study was simultaneously performed in a high-risk and a low-risk area for stomach cancer in Germany, 143 patients with incident stomach cancer and 579 controls completing a retrospective interview about life style aspects. Periods of non-centralized water supply or well water as the only source compared to life-long central water supply, and preservation of meat by smoking it with spruce compared to no home smoking of meat, were significantly associated with an increased stomach cancer risk. use of a refrigerator at home for 30 and more years compared to 24 years or less showed an inverse relationship, whereas salt intake estimated by questionnaire showed no relationship to stomach cancer risk. Tobacco smoking was negatively associated with risk for current smokers of cigarettes compared to non-smokers but was presumably not causally related. After adjustment for other food constituents, only increased vitamin C consumption showed an inverse relation to risk. For food groups, increased consumption of fruit, citrus fruit, cheese and whole-meal bread were associated with decreased risk. A similar effect was also seen for increased consumption of raw vegetables. Total vegetable consumption was not particularly associated with risk. Increased consumption of processed meat and of beer showed a positive association with risk whereas increased wine and liquor consumption showed a significant negative association. The association of alcoholic beverages with stomach cancer risk may reflect a particular life style rather than being causally related to risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case‐control study on stomach cancer in Germany

Boeing

Frentzel‐Beyme

Berger

et al. 1991

Intl Journal of Cancer

175

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“…Saunders & Metson (1971) suggested that the plant-available phosphorus status of soils increases in spring by release of phosphate from soil organic matter. On the other hand, higher nitrate levels in streams in winter have been attributed to reduced biological uptake (Sylvester 1961, Feth 1966.…”

Section: Phosphorus and Nitrate Run-off During Low Flowsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phosphorus and nitrate run‐off in hill pasture and forest catchments, Taita, New Zealand

McColl¹,

White

Gibson³

1977

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Phosphorus and nitrogen were measured in stream run-off from the four catchments of the Taita Experimental Basin (41° 11´ S, 174° 58´ E). The land is used as exotic conifer forest, native forest, and hill pasture. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate chemical losses per unit area in floods and at low flows.At low flows, the hill pasture (fertilised with lime at 630 kg·ba -1 ·y -1 , and superphosphate at 380 kg·ha -1 ·y -1 ) tended to lose more phosphorus and nitrate than the forested land, but differences were small, and not always significant. During large floods, the hill pasture (No. 5 Catchment) lost about 3 times as much reactive phosphate and 2-5 times as much total phosphorus as the forested land, and 130-190 times as much nitrate as land in the Exotic Forest and Native Forest 2 Catchments. Nitrate losses from land in the No. 4 Catchment (mainly native forest) were as high as those from the hill pasture, so high nitrate loss is not associated solely with agriculture.Losses of total phosphorus via the catchment streams were estimated as: No. 5 Catchment (hill pasture), 293 g·ha -1 ·y -1 ; Native Forest 2 Catchment, 201 g·ha -1 ·y -1 ; No. 4 Catchment, 124 g·ha -1 ·y -1 ; Exotic Forest Catchment, 71 g·ha -1 .y -1 . Nitrate-N losses were estimated to have been 1356 g·ha -1 ·y -1 , 11.5 g·ha -1 ·y -1 , 1436 g·ha -1 ·y -1 , and 44 g·ha -1 ·y -1 respectively. Phosphorus and nitrate concentrations were similar in the Exotic Forest and Native Forest 2 streams, but the Exotic Forest tended to lose smaller amounts because it yielded about 50% less water per unit area.Over the 2-y study, an estimated 47-70% of phosphorus losses and up to 83% nitrate losses occurred in large floods; 31% and 48% respectively were apparently lost from the hill pasture catchment in a single flood. Less than 20% of estimated phosphorus losses and as little as 1% of nitrate losses occurred at low flows.Run-off of phosphorus and nitrate was spasmodic, and this should be considered in assessing the impact of surface run-off on the biology and chemistry of receiving waters.

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“…Karst regions, which are distinguished by numerous sinkholes, disappearing/losing streams, and large springs, have long been known to be highly susceptible to groundwater contamination from surface sources (Feth, 1966;White, 1988;Pasquarell and Boyer, 1995). In the Midwestern USA, water quality problems have been observed in springs and wells in karst regions of southwestern Illinois (Panno et al, 1996), northeastern Iowa (Liu et al, 1997), Kentucky (Ryan and Meiman, 1996;Currens, 1999), and northwestern Arkansas (Peterson et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%