Nitrogen compounds, proteins and amino acids in corn subjected to doses of aluminum

Abstract

Corn (Zea mays L.) is highly adaptable, but it has difficulties in expressing its productive potential in soils with high aluminum content, since this element is directly related to high acidity in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen compounds, proteins and amino acids of two corn cultivars subjected to increasing doses of aluminum. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using one of the corn plants from varieties BRS 106 and BRS 4157. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in a factorial design of 5x2, and the factors were composed of five doses of Al 3+ (0; 50; 100; 150 and 200 mmol L-1), with five repetitions. The variables analyzed were the concentration of nitrate, the activity of the nitrate reductase, concentration of ammonium, amino acids and proteins. There was a decrease in nitrate, activity of the Reductase enzyme of the Nitrate and protein in the highest dose of aluminum (200 mmol L-1) for both cultivars. There was an increase in ammonium and amino acids in the leaves of cultivars BRS 106 and BRS 4157. Cultivars BRS 106 and BRS 4157 were affected by the increasing doses of aluminum, but cultivar BRS 106 showed to be more tolerant.

Biomass sorghum hybrids differ in growth and nitrogen use under low bases saturation in sandy soil

“…Another researches clearly demonstrate that the upatake capacity and incorporation of N in organic molecules are impaired in plants exposed to Al 3+ ; for instance, the effect of Al 3+ on nitrate reduction was observed by Cruz et al (2011) and Souza et al (2016), in sorghum and maize, respectively; and this has led to drastic decreases in plant growth capacity. This response is directly related to the role of N in plant growth; nitrate reduction is the first step of the N-NO3pathway and takes place in the cytosol; and then, the nitrite is transported to the plastids to be reduced to ammonia that it promptly protonated to ammonium which is incorporated in carbon skeletons via GS/GOGAT pathway (Masclaux- Daubresse et al 2010).…”

“…Regarding N nutrition, some studies revealed that nitrate uptake is impaired in the presence of Al 3+ in commercial cultivars of sorghum (Cambraia et al 1989). In a similar and more recent study, Souza et al (2016) demonstrated in maize that Al 3+ affected several pathways of N assimilation, including decreasing nitrate reductase enzyme activity. These data show that a satisfactory production is beyond just supply fertilizer.…”

“…In this sense, plants that are able to develop in different types of soils and environments give the crop the indication of rusticity and relative tolerance to adverse conditions (Salvador et al 2000). In relation to Al 3+ , the main symptom of its toxicity is the inhibition of root development and decrease of root elongation, shortly after exposure to the mineral (Souza et al 2016). In a nutrient solution, the phytotoxic effects caused by aluminum at pH <5.5, have a very rapid response, within 25 to 30 minutes after exposure of the root to aluminum (Justino et al 2006), causing serious anomalies to the root system, modifying the patterns of nutrient uptake and metabolism (Salvador et al 2000).…”

Impact of Aluminum Toxicity on Physiological Aspects of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars and its Alleviation through Ascorbic Acid and Salicylic Acid Seed Priming

“…In the same way it was noticed that AA primed RD2052 showed 42.15% increased, while RD2552 AA primed showed 26.63% increase, similarly SA primed RD2052 showed 38.86% increase, while SA primed RD2552 showed 20.33% increase at 6mM Aluminum concentration compared to control. According to Luma et al, (2016) increased in total soluble amino acid content may have probably been caused by the increase in the activity of proteases enzyme, which break the reserve proteins according to the exposition of a plant to any injury, in this case the effect of aluminum toxicity. Treatment with AA and SA less increased concentration of free amino acid was noticed compared to unprimed variety.…”

Transcriptome Analysis of Response to Aluminum Stress in Pinus massoniana

“…The root tip is the first tissue to contact and feel the aluminum toxicity [8]. A large number of experiments have shown that aluminum toxicity can inhibit the growth and division of root cells, thereby affecting the absorption of water and nutrients [9], such as rice [10], maize [11], and tea plant [12]. Meanwhile, aluminum toxicity will break the original balance of physiological reactions in plants, promotes excessive accumulation of active oxygen, and causes oxidative stress in plants [13,14].…”