Nitrogen deposition increases the acquisition of phosphorus and potassium by heather Calluna vulgaris

Rowe, Ed; Smart, Simon M.; Kennedy, V. H.; Emmett, Bridget A.; Evans, C. D.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.008

Cited by 52 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This type of relationship with N deposition has not been reported widely, although a number of recent studies have found similar increases in tissue P concentrations along N deposition gradients (Rowe et al 2008;Jones and Power 2012). Our findings support earlier interpretations that N deposition increases the demand for and uptake of P, which may account for relatively poor relationships with foliar N:P ratios, although the mechanism behind this is unclear.…”

Section: Overall Implications Of N Deposition Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…However, any such limitation is unlikely to be driven by P since we also found decreasing N:P ratios (and increasing foliar P) in mature-phase foliage with increasing N deposition inputs. Similar evidence of higher levels of P uptake at heathland sites experiencing high N deposition inputs has also been reported in surveys elsewhere (Rowe et al 2008;Power and Collins 2010;Jones and Power 2012), suggesting that N deposition has an influence on rates of P cycling and availability. The lack of significant relationships between N deposition and foliar nutrient concentrations in building-phase plants indicates that N inputs may have been used to support relatively high rates of biomass accumulation, rather than accumulating in plant tissues.…”

Section: Discussion the Effects Of Time Since Management On Relationssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Survey studies along gradients of N deposition have also generally targeted building- (Rowe et al 2008;Jones and Power 2012) or mature-phase (Pitcairn and Fowler 1995;Southon et al 2013) vegetation, with surveys often having less control over stand age. It is not currently known how age affects the response of Calluna-a keystone, indicator species within heathland ecosystems-to N deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Relationships with N Deposition Differ According to Stand Maturity in Calluna-Dominated Heathland

Jones

Power

2014

AMBIO

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Plant and soil bio(chemical) indicators are increasingly used to provide information on N deposition inputs and effects in a wide range of ecosystem types. However, many factors, including climate and site management history, have the potential to influence bioindicator relationships with N due to nutrient export and changing vegetation nutrient demands. We surveyed 33 heathlands in England, along a gradient of background N deposition (7.2-24.5 kg ha -1 year -1 ), using Calluna vulgaris growth phase as a proxy for time since last management. Our survey confirmed soil nutrient accumulation with increasing time since management. Foliar N and phosphorus (P) concentrations in pioneer-and maturephase vegetation significantly increased with N deposition. Significant interactions between climate and N deposition were also evident with, for example, higher foliar P concentrations in pioneer-phase vegetation at sites with higher temperatures and N deposition rates. Although oxidized N appeared more significant than reduced N, overall there were more, stronger relationships with total N deposition; suggesting efforts to control all emissions of N (i.e., both oxidized and reduced forms) will have ecological benefits.

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Section: Overall Implications Of N Deposition Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussion the Effects Of Time Since Management On Relationssupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Relationships with N Deposition Differ According to Stand Maturity in Calluna-Dominated Heathland

Jones

Power

2014

AMBIO

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“…The N dose applied (56 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ), especially as NH 3 , significantly decreased moss biomass, S. capillifolium and P. schreberi, confirming the adverse effects of N on both these mosses (Solga et al, 2005;Salemaa et al, 2008 (Pleurozium); Carfrae et al, 2007 (S. capillifolium); Lamers et al, 2000 (Sphagnum species)). Within 2 yr NH 3 had killed all the S. capillifolium, although in the wet Nox and wet Nred plots cover was only reduced by ∼ 30 or ∼ 50 % respectively.…”

Section: How Does the Vegetation Respond To N?mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…In the presence of P/K, shoot extension was significantly albeit only by 7 % increased, although not in every year. Rowe et al (2008) showed that N deposition led to higher phosphatase activity and thus could improve the P supply and acquisition. We measured increased surface phosphatase activity in S. capillifolium and H. jutlandicum, in proportion to their N concentration (Phuyal et al, 2007).…”

Section: How Does the Vegetation Respond To N?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of N in a peatland, Whim bog: immobilisation in the vegetation and peat, leakage into pore water and losses as N<sub>2</sub>O depend on the form of N

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Peatlands represent a vast carbon reserve that has accumulated under conditions of low nitrogen availability. Given the strong coupling between the carbon and nitrogen cycles, we need to establish the consequences of the increase in reactive nitrogen deposition for the sustainability of peatlands, and whether the form in which the nitrogen is deposited makes a difference. We have addressed these questions using a globally unique field simulation of reactive N deposition as dry deposited ammonia and wet deposited reduced N, ammonium and oxidised N, nitrate, added as ammonium chloride or sodium nitrate, to an ombrotrophic peatland, Whim bog in SE Scotland. Here we report the fate of 56 kg N ha −1 yr −1 additions over 10 yr and the consequences. The effects of 10 yr of reactive N additions depended on the form in which the N was applied. Ammonia-N deposition caused the keystone Sphagnum species, together with the main shrub Calluna and the pleurocarpous mosses, to disappear, exposing up to 30 % of the peat surface. This led to a significant increase in soil water nitrate and nitrous oxide emissions. By contrast wet deposited N, despite significantly reducing the cover of Sphagnum and Pleurozium moss, did not have a detrimental effect on Calluna cover nor did it significantly change soil water N concentrations or nitrous oxide emissions. Importantly 10 yr of wet deposited N did not bare the peat surface nor significantly disrupt the vegetation enabling the N to be retained within the carbon rich peatland ecosystems. However, given the significant role of Sphagnum in maintaining conditions that retard decomposition, this study suggests that all nitrogen forms will eventually compromise carbon sequestration by peatlands through loss of some keystone Sphagnum species.

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Long‐term P weathering and recent N deposition control contemporary plant‐soil C, N, and P

Davies

Tipping

Rowe

et al. 2016

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Models are needed to understand how plant-soil nutrient stores and fluxes have responded to the last two centuries of widespread anthropogenic nutrient pollution and predict future change. These models need to integrate across carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C, N, and P) cycles and simulate changes over suitable timescales using available driving data. It is also vital that they are constrainable against observed data to provide confidence in their outputs. To date, no models address all of these requirements. To meet this need, a new model, N14CP, is introduced, which is initially applied to Northern Hemisphere temperate and boreal ecosystems over the Holocene. N14CP is parameterized and tested using 88 northern Europe plot-scale studies, providing the most robust test of such a model to date. The model simulates long-term P weathering, based on the assumption of a starting pool of weatherable P (P weath0 , g m À2 ), which is gradually transformed into organic and sorbed pools. Nitrogen fixation (and consequently primary production) is made dependent on available P. In the absence of knowledge about the spatial variability of P weath0 , N14CP produces good average soil and plant variables but cannot simulate variations among sites. Allowing P weath0 to vary between sites improves soil C, N, and P results greatly, suggesting that contemporary soil C, N, and P are sensitive to long-term P weathering. Most sites were found to be N limited. Anthropogenic N deposition since 1800 was calculated to have increased plant biomass substantially, in agreement with observations and consequently increased soil carbon pools.

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Nitrogen deposition increases the acquisition of phosphorus and potassium by heather Calluna vulgaris

Cited by 52 publications

References 45 publications

Functional Relationships with N Deposition Differ According to Stand Maturity in Calluna-Dominated Heathland

Functional Relationships with N Deposition Differ According to Stand Maturity in Calluna-Dominated Heathland

Fate of N in a peatland, Whim bog: immobilisation in the vegetation and peat, leakage into pore water and losses as N<sub>2</sub>O depend on the form of N

Long‐term P weathering and recent N deposition control contemporary plant‐soil C, N, and P

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Nitrogen deposition increases the acquisition of phosphorus and potassium by heather Calluna vulgaris

Cited by 52 publications

References 45 publications

Functional Relationships with N Deposition Differ According to Stand Maturity in Calluna-Dominated Heathland

Functional Relationships with N Deposition Differ According to Stand Maturity in Calluna-Dominated Heathland

Fate of N in a peatland, Whim bog: immobilisation in the vegetation and peat, leakage into pore water and losses as N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O depend on the form of N

Long‐term P weathering and recent N deposition control contemporary plant‐soil C, N, and P

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Fate of N in a peatland, Whim bog: immobilisation in the vegetation and peat, leakage into pore water and losses as N<sub>2</sub>O depend on the form of N