Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Biosensing Applications: The Effect of the Thermal Treatments on Electrochemical and Optical Properties

Ghezzi, F.; Donnini, Riccardo; Sansonetti, Antonio; Giovanella, Umberto; Ferla, Barbara La; Vercelli, Barbara

doi:10.3390/molecules28010072

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…That means the azo compounds might form during the electrolysis treatment. The nitrogen-rich surface usually brings positive charge [ 52 , 53 ]. Based on the zeta potential results ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent carbon nanodot-based rapid cell nucleus staining and application for diagnosis

Zhong,

Yuan,

Tian

et al. 2024

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

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“…That means the azo compounds might form during the electrolysis treatment. The nitrogen-rich surface usually brings positive charge [ 52 , 53 ]. Based on the zeta potential results ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent carbon nanodot-based rapid cell nucleus staining and application for diagnosis

Zhong,

Yuan,

Tian

et al. 2024

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

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“…The UV-vis spectra of the samples obtained from water and EtOH ( Figure 3 a) are similar, showing an n–π* transition band at 330 nm and 340 nm, respectively, due to C=O and C=N bonds. They also proved to be easily purified through precipitation/centrifugation cycles, giving solids that could be redispersed in water and EtOH, respectively [ 30 , 31 ]. On the other hand, the separation of the red component from the formamide mixture was revealed to be not so easy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red-Emitting Carbon Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications: Synthesis and Purification Issues of the Hydrothermal Approach

Ferla

Vercelli

2023

Nanomaterials

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The possibility of performing the synthesis of red-emitting carbon quantum dots (r-CDs), in a well-controllable, large scale and environmentally sustainable way is undoubtedly of fundamental importance, as it will pave the way to their employment in advanced medical large-scale applications. Knowledge of the difficulties involved in producing r-CDs with reproducible optical, structural, and chemical characteristics, might help in their large-scale production, making the process standardizable. In this work, we present an experimental study, also supported by results reported in the literature, on the issues encountered during the synthesis and post-synthesis purification treatments of r-CDS. We focused on the hydrothermal approach as it was found to be more suitable for future large-scale industrial applications. We propose three synthetic strategies and observed that employing p-phenylenediamine (p-PDA), as a precursor, the synthetic process showed low efficiency with low yields of r-CDs, large amounts of unreacted precursor, and reaction intermediates. Changing reaction parameters does not improve performance. The r-CDs obtained using citric acid (CA) and urea, as precursors, resulted to be sensitive to pH and difficult to separate from the reaction mixture. Furthermore, the proposed synthetic strategies show that the hydrothermal preparation of r-CDS requires approaches that are not fully sustainable.

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Hydrothermal Approach for the Preparation of Blue‐Emitting Carbon Quantum Dots: An Insight into the Influence of the Reaction Parameters

Vercelli,

De Micheli,

Donnini

et al. 2024

Small Structures

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The surface of carbon quantum dots (CDs) is rich in functionalities, which could be selectively post‐derivatized to obtain smart materials for various advanced applications. In this context, the development of a robust synthesis processes for CD formation is a considerable challenge to guarantee the reproducibility of the properties and functionalities on their surface for successful post‐derivatization. Thus, understanding the formation mechanism of CDs at the molecular level and its correlations with the reaction parameters is of paramount importance. Herein, we describe how two selected purification strategies and the reaction parameters influence the properties of CDs obtained through the hydrothermal method. We adopted a simplified approach employing small molecules that can be extracted from biomass/biowaste to develop a sustainable and scalable synthetic strategy for industrial applications. First, we studied the influence of the reaction parameters on the CD morphological, structural, and chemical properties. Then, we show how the reaction parameters, the temperature in particular, influence the formation of graphitic nitrogen oxide centers in CD honeycomb structure and their role in determining CDs color and stability. Finally, we concluded that low reaction temperatures cause an incomplete CD nucleation process while higher ones lead to more stable CDs, with reproducible properties and surface functionalities.

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Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Biosensing Applications: The Effect of the Thermal Treatments on Electrochemical and Optical Properties

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Fluorescent carbon nanodot-based rapid cell nucleus staining and application for diagnosis

Fluorescent carbon nanodot-based rapid cell nucleus staining and application for diagnosis

Red-Emitting Carbon Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications: Synthesis and Purification Issues of the Hydrothermal Approach

Hydrothermal Approach for the Preparation of Blue‐Emitting Carbon Quantum Dots: An Insight into the Influence of the Reaction Parameters

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