Nitrogen-Doped Chemical Vapour Deposited Diamond: a New Material for Room-Temperature Solid State Maser

Poklonski, N. A.; Лапчук, Н. М.; Хомич, А. В.; Lü, Fang; Tang, Wenbo; Ralchenko, V.G.; Власов, И. И.; Чукичев, М. В.; Sambuu, Munkhtsetseg

doi:10.1088/0256-307x/24/7/083

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Since the presence of defects and impurities, e.g. nitrogen and hydrogen, may affect the electrical and electronic properties of diamond, defects, and impurities formed in chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond films during the growth process have received considerable attention 4, 12–14. It is well known that the quality of CVD diamond films in terms of the crystalline quality and the content of defects and impurities strongly depends on the growth conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of oxygen additive on hydrogen impurity incorporation in nanocrystalline diamond films fabricated by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition

Tang¹,

Gu²,

Grácio³

et al. 2009

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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In this work, we study the influence of oxygen additive in the gas phase on hydrogen impurity incorporation into thick nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films. Various diamond samples were grown on large silicon wafers of 5.08 cm diameter by adjusting the amount of oxygen and nitrogen additives into a conventional CH4/H2 plasma while keeping the other parameters constant using a 5‐kW microwave plasma‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) reactor. The morphology, crystalline quality, and hydrogen impurity content of the produced diamond samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, micro‐Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. The Raman and the FTIR spectra of the diamond samples indicate that on increasing the amount of oxygen additive in the gas phase, the crystalline quality of the NCD films is significantly enhanced, while their bonded hydrogen content decreases drastically. We conclude that a small amount of oxygen addition has an enhancement effect on the overall quality of diamond films ranging from polycrystalline to nanocrystalline in two ways: improving the diamond crystalline quality and suppressing hydrogen impurity incorporation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of oxygen additive on hydrogen impurity incorporation in nanocrystalline diamond films fabricated by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition

Tang¹,

Gu²,

Grácio³

et al. 2009

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…The ability to prepare and read the quantum state of the triplet sub-levels efficiently using optically detected magnetic resonance has enabled many applications of NV − centres in magnetometry [12][13][14] and quantum information processing [15]. They were recently proposed as quantum emitters for room-temperature masers [4][5][6] due to their attractive properties of long spin dephasing times (>1 µs), long spin-polarisation lifetimes ∼ 5 ms [16,17] and triplet ground-states that can be polarized through optical pumping [18,19]. Furthermore, diamond has the highest thermal conductivity ∼ 10 3 Wm −1 K −1 and excellent mechanical properties, which obviates thermal runaway.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, organic maser molecules have poor thermal and mechanical properties, and their triplet sub-level decay rates make continuous emission challenging: alternative materials are therefore required. Therefore, inorganic materials containing spin-defects such as diamond [4][5][6] and silicon carbide [7] have been proposed. Here we report a continuous-wave (CW) room-temperature maser oscillator using optically pumped nitrogen-vacancy (NV − ) defect centres in diamond.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous-wave room-temperature diamond maser

Breeze

Salvadori

Sathian

et al. 2018

Nature

166

163

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The maser-the microwave progenitor of the optical laser-has been confined to relative obscurity owing to its reliance on cryogenic refrigeration and high-vacuum systems. Despite this, it has found application in deep-space communications and radio astronomy owing to its unparalleled performance as a low-noise amplifier and oscillator. The recent demonstration of a room-temperature solid-state maser that utilizes polarized electron populations within the triplet states of photo-excited pentacene molecules in a p-terphenyl host paves the way for a new class of maser. However, p-terphenyl has poor thermal and mechanical properties, and the decay rates of the triplet sublevel of pentacene mean that only pulsed maser operation has been observed in this system. Alternative materials are therefore required to achieve continuous emission: inorganic materials that contain spin defects, such as diamond and silicon carbide, have been proposed. Here we report a continuous-wave room-temperature maser oscillator using optically pumped nitrogen-vacancy defect centres in diamond. This demonstration highlights the potential of room-temperature solid-state masers for use in a new generation of microwave devices that could find application in medicine, security, sensing and quantum technologies.

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“…The signature of this impurity in CW ESR spectra is shown in figure 19; satellites '±' of the central line are caused by the interaction of an uncompensated electronic spin with the nuclear magnetic moment of the 14 N atom [353]; scan rate 1 mT/min; microwave frequency 9.321 GHz; magnetic field modulation frequency 100 kHz; modulation amplitude 0.02 mT (for details of ESR technique for carbon materials see also [358]). Increasing microwave electromagnetic radiation power leads to an inversion of the signal from nitrogen atoms in synthetic diamond monocrystals [359,360] and polycrystalline diamond films [361] at room temperature. This inversion of the in-phase CW ESR signal is associated with the bistability of the nitrogen atom (figure 19) coordination in diamond matrix.…”

Section: Zero-dimensional (Point) Defects In Diamond Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stationary states of nitrogen in C form (P1 center) have been calculated [363] using the method of molecular orbitals (figure 20). A design of a maser that could operate at room temperature based on the interaction of PI center with microwaves and phonons has been proposed [361]. A room-temperature maser based on the action of microwaves in conjunction with green laser illumination was implemented [364] on N-V centers (nitrogen + vacancy of carbon atom) in diamond.…”

Section: Zero-dimensional (Point) Defects In Diamond Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergy of physical properties of low-dimensional carbon-based systems for nanoscale device design

Poklonski¹,

Вырко²,

Siahlo³

et al. 2019

Mater. Res. Express

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We review the principles of formation, physical properties, and current or envisaged applications for a wide range of carbon allotropic forms. We discuss experimental and theoretical advances relating to staple zero-, one-, and two-dimensional carbon structures, such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. In addition we emphasize research on emerging carbon allotropes (carbon nanoscrolls, funnels, etc) that result from combining or deforming allotropic forms with well-defined dimensionality. Such materials fall in-between clearly delineated dimensional categories and consequently exhibit unique characteristics that are promising for electronic, optical, and mechanical applications. We also consider other approaches to tuning properties of carbon-based materials, such as chemical functionalization, intentional introduction of structural disorder, and placement of guest atoms or molecules inside hollow structures. Finally, we discuss the properties of and experimental methods for studying zero-dimensional systems (paramagnetic nitrogen impurity atoms) in diamond matrix. The review emphasizes the interplay between the various material properties of carbon-based nanostructures and the designs for nanoscale devices that rely on synergistic combinations of these properties. For example, an electromechanical vibrator, a strain sensor, a nanodynamometer, and a nanoelectromechanical memory cell that we describe exploit both electronic and nanomechanical properties of low-dimensional carbon structures, a reed switch and a magnetic field sensor use magnetic and nanomechanical properties, a maser based on nitrogen-doped diamond uses thermal and optoelectronic properties, etc. All presented device concepts have been validated by calculations, and some have been implemented experimentally.

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Nitrogen-Doped Chemical Vapour Deposited Diamond: a New Material for Room-Temperature Solid State Maser

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Role of oxygen additive on hydrogen impurity incorporation in nanocrystalline diamond films fabricated by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition

Role of oxygen additive on hydrogen impurity incorporation in nanocrystalline diamond films fabricated by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition

Continuous-wave room-temperature diamond maser

Synergy of physical properties of low-dimensional carbon-based systems for nanoscale device design

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