Nitrogen-doped magnetic onion-like carbon as support for Pt particles in a hybrid cathode catalyst for fuel cells

Wu, Gang; Dai, Changsong; Wang, Dianlong; Li, Deyu; Li, Ning

doi:10.1039/b924010a

Cited by 119 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…where QH is the amount of charge for the electrodesorption of hydrogen atoms on the metal surface, M is the mass of metal, and Qref is the metal surface density [97].…”

Section: Other Techniques: Electrochemical and Adsorption Properties mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Heteroatom-Mediated Metal–Support Interactions in Functionalized Carbons: A Perspective Review

2018

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Featured Application: Surface engineering for catalysis and energy.Abstract: Carbon-based materials show unique chemicophysical properties, and they have been successfully used in many catalytic processes, including the production of chemicals and energy. The introduction of heteroatoms (N, B, P, S) alters the electronic properties, often increasing the reactivity of the surface of nanocarbons. The functional groups on the carbons have been reported to be effective for anchoring metal nanoparticles. Although the interaction between functional groups and metal has been studied by various characterization techniques, theoretical models, and catalytic results, the role and nature of heteroatoms is still an object of discussion. The aim of this review is to elucidate the metal-heteroatoms interaction, providing an overview of the main experimental and theoretical outcomes about heteroatom-mediated metal-support interactions. Selected studies showing the effect of heteroatom-metal interaction in the liquid-phase alcohol oxidation will be also presented.

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“…where QH is the amount of charge for the electrodesorption of hydrogen atoms on the metal surface, M is the mass of metal, and Qref is the metal surface density [97].…”

Section: Other Techniques: Electrochemical and Adsorption Properties mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Heteroatom-Mediated Metal–Support Interactions in Functionalized Carbons: A Perspective Review

2018

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“…7 Several techniques have been explored in an attempt to produce efficient Pt electrocatalysts including chemical and physical methods such as chemical reduction [8][9][10] or sputter deposition techniques. 11-13 However, these techniques either lead to high metal loading with poor control of the size distribution or have proven difficult to scale up.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Bloomed Platinum Nanoflowers on Exfoliated Graphene: An Efficient Alcohol Oxidation Catalyst

Zhang

Lopes

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Platinum (Pt) based electrocatalysts have electrochemical performance that outperforms many other noble metal and metal oxide based materials. Increasing performance allows a reduction in the platinum load, and thus reduce the cost of various devices such as fuel cells. A double pulse electrochemical approach was developed to nucleate and grow Pt nanoparticles into flower shaped assemblies on graphene sheets. The unique morphology and structure of the Pt were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrocatalytical activities of the Pt nanoflowers were evaluated using methanol and ethanol oxidation as model reactions. This proposed method has led to the synthesis of Pt nanoflowers with the ability to control, both their density and their size on defect free graphene. Alternative and renewable energy sources such as hydrogen and fuel cells provide a great opportunity to overcome the challenge of pollution and energy crises.1 However, cost, performance, and durability of these energy sources are major barrier for their wide-spread commercialization. It is the key driver behind the significant research on electrocatalysts that are used for various energy devices. Carbon supports, such as carbon black, Vulcan X and Ketjen Black, are generally used as supports for electrocatalysts for electrochemical applications. These electrodes using these carbon supports, however, present some important limitations such as inadequate corrosion resistance caused by electrochemical oxidation, structural deterioration, as well as the detachment of the active metal phase. Compared to carbon black, graphene, a two-dimensional carbon nanostructure, exhibits a higher corrosion resistance, high surface area and outstanding electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties; and is anticipated to be a promising replacement for conventional carbon supports.2-4 Recently we have developed an electrochemical exfoliation approach that reproducibly produced graphene at high yield and purity with the ability to modify graphene with polystyrene sulfonate to prevent re-stacking of the sheets. 5Making Pt-based electrocatalysts more-efficient is crucial as this directly leads to less precious metal usage, i.e. lower cost.6 Attempts to optimize the platinum utilization have occurred in parallel with the development of new ways to produce Pt nanostructures with smaller size and a better Pt dispersion on the support. 7 Several techniques have been explored in an attempt to produce efficient Pt electrocatalysts including chemical and physical methods such as chemical reduction [8][9][10] or sputter deposition techniques. 11-13 However, these techniques either lead to high metal loading with poor control of the size distribution or have proven difficult to scale up.9,14 Although great effort has been made toward the development of chimie douce production of shape-controlled Pt nanoparticles, hierarchical nanostructures with high specific surface area remain a challenge. 15 Additiona...

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“…Nanodiamond (ND) powders were produced through explosion of a 50:50 TNT/RDX (trotyl/cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine) mixture in a hermetic tank and isolated from the detonation soot by oxidative treatment with a mixture of HClO 4 and H 2 SO 4 [9][10][11]. According to small angle X-ray scattering and HRTEM studies, the size of ND particles varied from 2-20 nm, with an average size of 4.7 nm [9,11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Onion-like carbons possess a wide range of properties, which make them of interest for applications such as lubrication [3] and fuel cells [4]. More recently onion-like carbon has been considered to have potential for use in electrochemical super capacitors [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ formation of onion-like carbon from the evaporation of ultra-dispersed nanodiamonds

Krishnamurthy

Butenko

Dhanak

et al. 2013

Carbon

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractWe report the in-situ formation of onion-like carbon (OLC) by evaporation from a nanodiamond source under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The OLC is characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and is found to be highly defective but completely separated. The absence of any signature in XPS, Raman spectra and TEM associated with nanodiamond in the film suggests that the OLC is formed from carbon vapor or by the direct evaporation of only the smallest particles resulting from nanodiamond graphitization. The method thus provides a route to the formation of individually separated OLC nanoparticles.

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Nitrogen-doped magnetic onion-like carbon as support for Pt particles in a hybrid cathode catalyst for fuel cells

Cited by 119 publications

References 60 publications

Understanding Heteroatom-Mediated Metal–Support Interactions in Functionalized Carbons: A Perspective Review

Understanding Heteroatom-Mediated Metal–Support Interactions in Functionalized Carbons: A Perspective Review

Electrically Bloomed Platinum Nanoflowers on Exfoliated Graphene: An Efficient Alcohol Oxidation Catalyst

In situ formation of onion-like carbon from the evaporation of ultra-dispersed nanodiamonds

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