Nitrogen-doped porous carbon/Mn3O4 composites as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

New insights into the outstanding performances of nickel‐doped manganese oxide nanoparticles embedded in a 3D carbon nanopipes framework as anode for lithium and sodium‐ion batteries

“…The values of CE were improved continuously after the initial cycle, attained over 99% within 10 cycles, and maintained the same up to 500th cycles for all the electrodes. The present capacity of Ni(5)‐Mn 3 O 4 (1)@CMK‐5 electrode is higher or analogous to former Mn 3 O 4 ‐based anodes stated in the articles 15‐17,19‐27,32‐35,46,52,53,56,57 . The atomic scale changes to Mn 3 O 4 NPs with Ni doping, proper encapsulation of Mn 3 O 4 NPs within the CMK‐5 matrix, and capacity contribution from bimodal CMK‐5 help to achieve the stated capacity for Ni(5)‐Mn 3 O 4 (1)@CMK‐5 anode.…”

“…The present capacity of Ni(5)-Mn 3 O 4 (1)@CMK-5 electrode is higher or analogous to former Mn 3 O 4 -based anodes stated in the articles. [15][16][17][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][32][33][34][35]46,52,53,56,57 The atomic scale changes to Mn 3 O 4 NPs with Ni doping, proper encapsulation of Mn 3 O 4 NPs within the CMK-5 matrix, and capacity contribution from bimodal CMK-5 help to achieve the stated capacity for Ni(5)-Mn 3 O 4 (1)@CMK-5 anode. The comparison of capacities of the current electrode systems with the published literature on Mn 3 O 4 -based electrodes is illustrated in Table S2 (SI).…”

“…18 However, inferior electrical conductivity (10 À7 -10 À8 S cm À1 ) and sizeable volume variation ($170%) throughout the charge/discharge processes have resulted in fast capacity waning and poor rate capability of the anode made of Mn 3 O 4 . 19 Mn 3 O 4 composites with different carbon forms, for example, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 20 graphene, 21 carbon nanofibers (CNFs), 22 reduced graphene oxide (rGO), 23 carbon coating, 24,25 activated carbon, 26 and porous graphene sheets 27 have shown some enhancement in electrochemical performances in LIBs and SIBs. For example, Cao et al obtained 895 mA h g À1 of capacity beyond 200 cycles at 500 mA g À1 for CNTs@Mn 3 O 4 nanocomposite.…”

“…Mn 3 O 4 composites with different carbon forms, for example, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 20 graphene, 21 carbon nanofibers (CNFs), 22 reduced graphene oxide (rGO), 23 carbon coating, 24,25 activated carbon, 26 and porous graphene sheets 27 have shown some enhancement in electrochemical performances in LIBs and SIBs. For example, Cao et al obtained 895 mA h g −1 of capacity beyond 200 cycles at 500 mA g −1 for CNTs@Mn 3 O 4 nanocomposite 20 .…”