Nitrogen Dynamics And Management In Rice-Legume Cropping Systems

Buresh, R. J.; Datta, S.K. De

doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60037-1

Cited by 138 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…2), depending upon the harvestablebiomass yield of soybean. Leaf fall during crop-legume development and the nodulated roots could each supply up to 40 kg N ha ±1 (Chapman and Myers;1987, Bergersen et al, 1989Buresh and De Datta, 1991). The estimates of N contribution from leaf fall and nodulated roots in our experiment appeared to be on lower side possibly because of our type of cultivar, which has lower yield potential (around 3 t ha ±1 ).…”

Section: Residual-biomass N Of Soybean (Rbns)mentioning

confidence: 65%

Quantification of N₂ fixation and annual N benefit from N₂ fixation in soybean accrued to the soil under soybean‐wheat continuous rotation

Singh¹,

Kundu

Biswas

et al. 2004

Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.

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PNSS P89/2BSummary A computational exercise was undertaken to quantify the percent N derived from atmosphere %Ndfa) in soybean and consequent N benefit from biological N 2 -fixation process annually accrued to the soil by the soybean crop using average annual N-input/-output balance sheet from a 7 yr old soybean-wheat continuous rotational experiment on a Typic Haplustert. The experiment was conducted with 16 treatments comprised of combinations of four annual rates of farmyard manure (FYM @ 0, 4, 8, and 16 t ha ±1 ) and four annual rates of fertilizer N (@ 0, 72.5, 145, and 230 kg N ha ±1 ) applications. The estimated N contributed through residual biomass of soybean (RBN S ) consisting of leaf fall, root, nodules, and rhizodeposition varied in the ranges of 7.02±16.94, 11.65±28.83, 3.31± 8.91, and 11.3±23.8 kg N ha ±1 yr ±1 , respectively. A linear relationship was observed between RBN S and harvested biomass N (HBN S ) of soybean in the form of RBN S = 0.461 HBN S ± 20.67 (r = 0.989, P < 0.01), indicating that for each 100 kg N assimilated by the harvested biomass of soybean, 25.4 kg N was added to the soil through residual biomass. The Ndfa values ranged between 13% and 81% depending upon the annual rates of application of fertilizer N and FYM. As per the main effects, the %Ndfa declined from 76.4 to 26.0 with the increase in annual fertilizer-N application from 0 to 230 kg N ha ±1 , whereas %Ndfa increased from 40.8 to 65.8 with the increase in FYM rates from 0 to 16 t ha ±1 , respectively. The N benefit from biological N 2 fixation accrued to the soil through residual biomass of soybean ranged from 7.6 to 53.7 kg N ha ±1 yr ±1 . The treatments having %Ndfa values higher than 78 showed considerable annual contribution of N from N 2 fixation to the soil which were sufficient enough to offset the quantity of N removed from the soil (i.e., native soil N / FYM-N / fertilizer-N) with harvested biomass of soybean.

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Section: Residual-biomass N Of Soybean (Rbns)mentioning

confidence: 65%

Quantification of N₂ fixation and annual N benefit from N₂ fixation in soybean accrued to the soil under soybean‐wheat continuous rotation

Singh¹,

Kundu

Biswas

et al. 2004

Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.

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“…On the clay soil, the larger maize yield following soyabean amended with manure and SSP can be attributed to the combined effects of manure, N returned in soyabean residues and mineral N added. Amounts of N contributed by below-ground material of soyabean are difficult to estimate, due to wide differences in the proportion of soyabean N in roots (11%-50%) measured in different studies (Buresh and De Datta 1991;McNeill et al 1997).…”

Section: Clay Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable grain legume yields, responses to phosphorus and rotational effects on maize across soil fertility gradients on African smallholder farms

Zingore

Murwira²,

Delve³

et al. 2007

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Promiscuous soyabean varieties have potential to contribute significantly to income generation, food security and soil N budgets on smallholder farms. One of the major factors limiting this potential is farmers' preference to allocate nutrient resources to food security cereal crops on the most fertile fields, leaving grain legumes to grow on residual fertility on infertile fields. Two experiments were conducted to: (i) compare the current farmer practice with targeting manure and single super phosphate (SSP) to soyabean in a three-year rotation cycle on two fields with different soil fertility: an infertile sandy soil and a more fertile clay soil; and (ii) assess the effects of variability of soil fertility within and across farms on productivity of soyabean and groundnut. In the first experiment, soyabean (<0.2 t ha À1 ) and maize yields (<0.7 t ha À1 ) without fertilizer were poor on a degraded sandy soil. Both crops responded poorly to SSP due to deficiency of other nutrients. Manure application significantly increased soyabean and maize yields, led to yield stabilization over three seasons and also significantly increased the proportion of N 2 fixed by soyabean (measured using 15 N natural abundance) from 60% to 83%. On the sandy soil, P was used more efficiently and gross margins were greater when SSP and manure were applied to maize in a maize-soyabean rotation. Soyabean and maize yields without fertilizer inputs were larger on clay soil with moderate fertility (0.4-0.7 t ha À1 and 2.0-2.3 t ha À1 respectively) and were significantly increased by application of SSP and manure. Within rotations, P recovery was higher when manure and SSP were applied to maize (43 and 25%) than when applied to soyabean (20 and 19%). However, application of manure to soyabean on the clay was more profitable than application to maize for individual crops and within rotations. In the second experiment, soyabean and groundnut yields were largest (*1 and *0.8 t ha À1 respectively) on plots closest to homesteads on wealthy farms, which were more fertile due to good past management. Yields were poor (< 0.5 t ha À1 ) on other fields which previously had received little nutrient inputs. Soyabean and groundnut yields correlated well with available P (R 2 = 0.5-0.7) and soil organic C (SOC) contents (R 2 = 0.4-0.6). For smallholder farmers to maximise benefits from legume production they need to focus attention on the more fertile plots, although production should be optimized in relation to maize. Targeting nutrients to maize as currently practiced by farmers was more efficient and economic under poor soil fertility conditions, whilst potential exists to increase income by targeting manure to soyabean on the more fertile soils.

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“…At the first sampling, there is no removal of nitrogen from the rhizosphere, due to the absence of a harvest. Thus, the optimal time of incorporation of legumes into rice farming systems for green manuring would be at flowering, as reported by Buresh and Datta (1991) and Roger and Ladha (1992); although farmers would often be reluctant to undertake this operation with food legumes. At the final sampling, which corresponded to harvesting, where nitrogen is removed from the rhizosphere in the form of a biological yield in the food legumes (seeds in mungbean and cowpea and fresh pods in French bean), the net ' NdFF, NdFA and NdFS correspond to nitrogen derived from fertiliser, atmosphere and soil, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Selection of annual legumes for incorporation into rice farming systems

Sangakkara

1995

J Sci Food Agric

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Legumes are often recommended for inclusion into rice farming systems to provide organic matter and nitrogen. Thus, a study evaluated the growth, yields and nitrogen dynamics of four popular legumes, namely Sesbania, Mungbean, Cowpea and French bean using "N, when grown in a rice soil. Sesbania produced the highest quantity of nitrogen-rich dry matter. In contrast, French beans produced the lowest quantity, which was low in nitrogen. Dry matter contents of other legumes available for incorporation were greater than in French beans. Nitrogen dynamics illustrated the very high nitrogen fixing capacity of sesbania, while the eficiency of symbiotic fixation was low in French beans. The net nitrogen balance of sesbania was high, followed by cowpea and mungbean. The study illustrated the benefits of using sesbania for the purpose of adding green manure and nitrogen. If a food legume is to be used, species such as cowpea or mungbean was more suitable to achieve the stated objectives than French bean, which produced the highest economic yield.

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Nitrogen Dynamics And Management In Rice-Legume Cropping Systems

Cited by 138 publications

References 81 publications

Quantification of N₂ fixation and annual N benefit from N₂ fixation in soybean accrued to the soil under soybean‐wheat continuous rotation

Quantification of N₂ fixation and annual N benefit from N₂ fixation in soybean accrued to the soil under soybean‐wheat continuous rotation

Variable grain legume yields, responses to phosphorus and rotational effects on maize across soil fertility gradients on African smallholder farms

Selection of annual legumes for incorporation into rice farming systems

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Nitrogen Dynamics And Management In Rice-Legume Cropping Systems

Cited by 138 publications

References 81 publications

Quantification of N2 fixation and annual N benefit from N2 fixation in soybean accrued to the soil under soybean‐wheat continuous rotation

Quantification of N2 fixation and annual N benefit from N2 fixation in soybean accrued to the soil under soybean‐wheat continuous rotation

Variable grain legume yields, responses to phosphorus and rotational effects on maize across soil fertility gradients on African smallholder farms

Selection of annual legumes for incorporation into rice farming systems

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Quantification of N₂ fixation and annual N benefit from N₂ fixation in soybean accrued to the soil under soybean‐wheat continuous rotation

Quantification of N₂ fixation and annual N benefit from N₂ fixation in soybean accrued to the soil under soybean‐wheat continuous rotation