Nitrogen enrichment differentially affects above‐ and belowground plant defense

Jamieson, Mary A.; Seastedt, T. R.; Bowers, M. Deane

doi:10.3732/ajb.1100492

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Dissimilar responses of root and shoot defences to experimental treatments (e.g. nitrogen; Jamieson et al 2012), and dissimilar ontogenetic changes in root and shoot defence chemistry have been described for other defences, although changes typically appear to be in the same direction (e.g. Lohman & McConnaughay 1998;Quintero & Bowers 2011).…”

Section: Roots Versus Shootsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Age versus stage: does ontogeny modify the effect of phosphorus and arbuscular mycorrhizas on above‐ and below‐ground defence in forage sorghum?

Miller

Gleadow

Cavagnaro

2013

Plant Cell & Environment

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Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) can increase plant acquisition of P and N. No published studies have investigated the impact of P and AM on the allocation of N to the plant defence, cyanogenic glucosides. We investigated the effects of soil P and AM on cyanogenic glucoside (dhurrin) concentration in roots and shoots of two forage sorghum lines differing in cyanogenic potential (HCNp). Two harvest times allowed plants grown at high and low P to be compared at the same age and the same size, to take account of known ontogenetic changes in shoot HCNp. P responses were dependent on ontogeny and tissue type. At the same age, P-limited plants were smaller and had higher shoot HCNp but lower root HCNp. Ontogenetically controlled comparisons showed a P effect of lesser magnitude, and that there was also an increase in the allocation of N to dhurrin in shoots of P-limited plants. Colonization by AM had little effect on shoot HCNp, but increased root HCNp and the allocation of N to dhurrin in roots. Divergent responses of roots and shoots to P, AM and with ontogeny demonstrate the importance of broadening the predominantly foliar focus of plant defence studies/ theory, and of ontogenetically controlled comparisons.

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Section: Roots Versus Shootsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Age versus stage: does ontogeny modify the effect of phosphorus and arbuscular mycorrhizas on above‐ and below‐ground defence in forage sorghum?

Miller

Gleadow

Cavagnaro

2013

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…The presence or absence of predators controlling the abundance of the biological control agents at one site but not at the other would be sufficient to produce a context‐specific outcome. Soil nutrients appear to be another variable affecting this outcome (Jamieson et al ., ; Hovick & Carson, ). Thus, both ‘top‐down’ (e.g.…”

Section: Current Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control of invasive plant species: a reassessment for theAnthropocene

Seastedt

2014

New Phytologist

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Contents 490I.490II.491III.492IV.494V.497VI.498499References499 Summary The science of finding, testing and releasing herbivores and pathogens to control invasive plant species has achieved a level of maturity and success that argues for continued and expanded use of this program. The practice, however, remains unpopular with some conservationists, invasion biologists, and stakeholders. The ecological and economic benefits of controlling densities of problematic plant species using biological control agents can be quantified, but the risks and net benefits of biological control programs are often derived from social or cultural rather than scientific criteria. Management of invasive plants is a ‘wicked problem’, and local outcomes to wicked problems have both positive and negative consequences differentially affecting various groups of stakeholders. The program has inherent uncertainties; inserting species into communities that are experiencing directional or even transformational changes can produce multiple outcomes due to context‐specific factors that are further confounded by environmental change drivers. Despite these uncertainties, biological control could play a larger role in mitigation and adaptation strategies used to maintain biological diversity as well as contribute to human well‐being by protecting food and fiber resources.

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“…Pengayaan N dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman dan pertahanan tanaman dan secara diferensial mempengaruhi pertahanan bagian atas dan bawah tanaman. Jaringan tanaman L dalmatica lebih mudah terkena herbivor dan patogen pada N yang terbatas namun sebaliknya jika N meningkat maka pembungaan berkurang (Jamieson et al, 2012). Kemudahan kena penyakit suatu tanaman juga dipengaruhi oleh bentuk pupuk N yang digunakan di samping dosisnya (Gupta et al, 2013).…”

Section: Status Hara Tanaman Kelapa Sawitunclassified

Potensi fungisida organik untuk pengendalian Ganoderma pada tanaman kelapa sawit [Potency of organic fungicide to controle Ganoderma sp. of oil palm]

Widiastuti¹,

Eris²,

Santoso³

2017

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Ganoderma sp. is an important pathogen causes stem rot disease in the cultivation of oil palm. Control of Ganoderma sp. using formulas contain natural organic active ingredients being developed by Indonesian Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioindustry. Organic fungicide in two formula i.e. liquid and pasta was applied for a period of 3 months by drenching the uncolonized tissue of stem. Five treatments tested were drenching applications of organic fungicide 1) per week in liquid formula, 2) every 2 weeks in liquid formula, 3) every 4 weeks in liquid formula, 4) every 4 weeks in paste formula, and 5) control. Each of the treatments was treated on the 25 palm trees. The performance of the plant and Ganoderma sp. were observed for five months and subsequential incubation continued for 2 months to analyzed the levels of N, P, K and Cu in the leaves and the oil content of the palm fruits while FFB production was observed from 7 up to 13 months after application. Results of the experiments showed that the application of organic fungicide increased the growth of palm roots and especially weekly application produced the best compared with other treatments. There was a tendency of opening of leaf spear and induce oil palm to form a female flowers, increased levels of N, P, and K particularly on the treatment of applications every two weeks. The production of fruit average (PFA) and weights bunches at 5 months after application seems to rise particularly in the application of organic fungicide every week. Palm fruit oil content based either on fresh or dry weight was higher in applications of organic fungicide every 2 weeks compared with other treatments.[Keywords: Ganoderma diseases management, application times, organic pesticides, mature plants] AbstrakGanoderma sp. jamur penyebab penyakit busuk pangkal batang merupakan patogen utama pada tanaman kelapa sawit. Pengendalian Ganoderma sp. menggunakan formula berbahan aktif organik alami sedang dikembangkan Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Bioindustri Indonesia. Fungisida organik diberikan dalam jangka waktu 3 bulan yang diaplikasi dengan cara terlebih dahulu mengikis batang sawit terserang hingga jaringan segar. Lima perlakuan yang diuji adalah aplikasi fungisida organik tiap 1) minggu dalam formula cair, 2) 2 minggu dalam formula cair, 3) 4 minggu dalam formula cair, 4) 4 minggu dalam formula pasta, dan 5) kontrol. Masing-masing perlakuan diaplikasi pada 25 pohon kelapa sawit. Keragaan tanaman dan Ganoderma sp. diamati selama lima bulan dan selanjutnya inkubasi dilanjutkan selama 2 bulan untuk analisis kadar hara N, P, K dan Cu daun dan kadar minyak buah sawit, sedangkan produksi TBS diamati dari 7 hingga 13 bulan setelah aplikasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian fungisida organik tiap minggu menghasilkan perakaran yang paling banyak dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Terdapat kecenderungan terjadi pembukaan daun tombak dan peningkatan jumlah pohon yang membentuk bunga betina, peningkatan kadar hara N, P, dan K khususnya pada perlakuan aplikasi fungisida organik tiap dua minggu. Rata rata bobot tandan (RBT) dan bobot tandan pada 5 bulan setelah aplikasi nampak meningkat khususnya pada perlakuan aplikasi fungisida organik tiap minggu. Kadar minyak buah sawit baik berdasarkan bobot basah maupun kering lebih tinggi pada perlakuan aplikasi fungisida organik tiap 2 minggu dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. [Kata kunci: pengendalian Ganoderma, frekuensi aplikasi, fungisida organik, tanaman sawit menghasilkan]

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Nitrogen enrichment differentially affects above‐ and belowground plant defense

Cited by 14 publications

References 65 publications

Age versus stage: does ontogeny modify the effect of phosphorus and arbuscular mycorrhizas on above‐ and below‐ground defence in forage sorghum?

Age versus stage: does ontogeny modify the effect of phosphorus and arbuscular mycorrhizas on above‐ and below‐ground defence in forage sorghum?

Biological control of invasive plant species: a reassessment for theAnthropocene

Potensi fungisida organik untuk pengendalian Ganoderma pada tanaman kelapa sawit [Potency of organic fungicide to controle Ganoderma sp. of oil palm]

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