Nitrogen Excretion in Cockroaches

Cochran, Donald G.

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.30.010185.000333

Cited by 130 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…Our inability to detect a difference either between N-recyclers (aphids) and non-recyclers, or aphids and other vascular feeders does not support this alternative hypothesis however. Indeed, it has been suggested that all phloem feeding Homoptera are likely to be associated with nutrient enhancing endosymbionts (Wilkinson and Ishikawa 2001), and Nrecycling bacteria are known to occur in ants, termites, and cockroaches, taxa that also feed on nitrogen poor diets (Cochran 1985;Hongoh and Ishikawa 1997;Potrikus and Breznak 1977;Sasaki et al 1996). As mentioned previously, vascular feeding arthropods are also problematic with regard to obtaining an appropriate isotopic baseline sample (e.g., phloem).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic enrichment in herbivorous insects: a comparative field-based study of variation

Spence

Rosenheim

2005

Oecologia

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Researchers will be able to use stable isotope analysis to study community structure in an efficient way, without a need for extensive calibrations, if isotopic enrichment values are consistent, or if variation in enrichment values can be predicted. In this study, we generated an experimental data set of delta15N and delta13C enrichment means for 22 terrestrial herbivorous arthropods feeding on 18 different host plants. Mean enrichments observed across a single trophic transfer (plants to herbivores) were -0.53+/-0.26 per thousand for delta13C (range: -3.47 per thousand to 1.89 per thousand) and 1.88+/-0.37 per thousand for delta15N (range: -0.20 per thousand to 6.59 per thousand). The mean delta13C enrichment was significantly lower than that reported in recent literature surveys, whereas the mean delta15N enrichment was not significantly different. The experimental data set provided no support for recent hypotheses advanced to explain variation in enrichment values, including the proposed roles for consumer feeding mode, development type, and diet C:N ratio. A larger data set, formed by combining our experimental data with data from the literature, did suggest possible roles for feeding mode, nitrogen recycling, herbivore life stage, and host plant type. Our results indicate that species enrichment values are variable even in this relatively narrow defined group of organisms and that our ability to predict enrichment values of terrestrial herbivorous arthropods based on physiological, ecological, or taxonomic traits is low. The primary implications are that (1) mean enrichment may have to be measured empirically for each trophic link of interest, rather than relying on estimates from a broad survey of animal taxa and (2) the advantage of using stable isotope analysis to probe animal communities that are recalcitrant to other modes of study will be somewhat diminished as a consequence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic enrichment in herbivorous insects: a comparative field-based study of variation

Spence

Rosenheim

2005

Oecologia

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“…In addition, soluble organic N in the frass may also contribute to the N absorption by plants. This is because insect frass contains much more organic N than inorganic N (Cochran 1985;Lovett et al 2002), and plants can use soluble organic N (Kaye and Hart 1997;Bardgett et al 2003). Besides the soil process that we discussed above, more detailed measurements for root and soil microbe biomass, and soil chemical properties, such as pH, organic and inorganic N, would help to understand the plant growth responses to insect frass.…”

Section: Plant Growth Responses To Frass Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive and negative impacts of insect frass quality on soil nitrogen availability and plant growth

Kagata¹,

Ohgushi²

2011

Population Ecology

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Frass deposition to soil is an important pathway by which herbivorous insects impact decomposition and soil nutrient availability. However, little is known about how frass quality influences ecosystem properties. Here, we examined the effects of frass quality on the decomposition process, soil nitrogen (N) availability, and plant growth, using frass of Mamestra brassicae (L.) that fed on fertilized or unfertilized Brassica rapa L. var. perviridis Bailey. The frass quality was largely dependent on the host plant quality. Frass excreted by larvae that fed on the fertilized plants had higher N than that of larvae that fed on the unfertilized plants. The decomposition rate of the frass did not differ between N-rich and N-poor frass, except during the early decomposition period. The inorganic N concentration decreased during decomposition in both frass types. However, difference in the initial inorganic N concentration led to different consequences regarding soil N availability. Furthermore, addition of frass to the soil differently influenced the growth of B. rapa plants depending on the frass quality: plant biomass was increased by N-rich frass addition but decreased by N-poor frass addition, compared to the biomass without frass addition. These results indicate that frass quality is an important factor in determining the impact of herbivorous insects on nutrient dynamics, and that frass positively or negatively influences soil N availability and plant growth, depending on its quality.

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“…Little is known about the nutritional ecology of N. cinerea. Many cockroach species are omnivores with diets rich in nitrogen, store protein and prefer high carbohydrate diets (Cochran 1985;Cohen 2001;Jones & Raubenheimer 2001;Kopanic et al 2001;Raubenheimer & Jones 2006). Further, high-protein diets can result in increased mortality and morbidity (Cochran 1985;Jones & Raubenheimer 2001;Boersma & Elser 2006;Raubenheimer & Jones 2006).…”

Section: (A) Animal Husbandry and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separate and combined effects of nutrition during juvenile and sexual development on female life-history trajectories: the thrifty phenotype in a cockroach

et al. 2009

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We have yet to understand fully how conditions during different periods of development interact to influence life-history structure. Can the negative effects of poor juvenile nutrition be overcome by a good adult diet, or are life-history strategies set by early experience? Here, we tested the influence and interaction of different nutritional quality during juvenile and sexual development on female resource allocation physiology, life history and courtship behaviour in the cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea. Nymphs were raised on either a good-quality or poor-quality diet. After adult eclosion, females were either switched to the opposite diet or remained on their original diet. We assessed mating behaviour and lifetime reproductive success for half of the females from each treatment. We evaluated reproductive investment, somatic investment and resource reallocation from reproduction to the soma via oocyte apoptosis in the remaining females. We found that poor juvenile conditions resulted in a fat phenotype with slow juvenile growth and short reproductive lifespan that could not be retrieved with a change in diet. Good juvenile conditions resulted in the converse, but again fixed, phenotype in adulthood. Thus, juvenile nutrition sets adult patterns of resource allocation.

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Nitrogen Excretion in Cockroaches

Cited by 130 publications

References 0 publications

Isotopic enrichment in herbivorous insects: a comparative field-based study of variation

Isotopic enrichment in herbivorous insects: a comparative field-based study of variation

Positive and negative impacts of insect frass quality on soil nitrogen availability and plant growth

Separate and combined effects of nutrition during juvenile and sexual development on female life-history trajectories: the thrifty phenotype in a cockroach

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