Nitrogen Fertilization Influences the Quantity, Composition, and Tissue Association of Foliar Phenolics in Strawberries

Abstract

Unlike quantitative changes, the compositional changes of plant phenolics and changes in their tissue association as influenced by the nutrient supply are less well understood. We evaluated the quantity, composition, and tissue association of phenolics in leaves of two Fragaria ananassa cultivars in response to different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization using global metabolomic approaches. Influence of N supply on phenolic content in both cultivars was similar, but the magnitude of this response was compound specific. Ellagitannins, the most abundant class of phenolic oligomers, were less responsive to the applied N treatments, whereas proanthocyanidins, the less abundant class of phenolic oligomers, exhibited higher fold change. Within mono-phenolics, the hydroxycinnamates were more abundant but showed lower fold change than the hydroxybenzoates. Among flavonoids, the hydroxylated flavonols showed higher abundances than the flavones, with a preferential accumulation of dihydroxylated flavonol at lower N levels. Furthermore, glycosylated flavonols were higher than the acylated forms. The extractable fraction of phenolics was more influenced by the N treatment than the fiber-bound fraction. The extensive compositional modification of phenolics and a greater response of non-bound fractions in response to N rates highlight the potential to use precise management of N supply as an effective strategy to enhance the bioactive compounds in crops.

Cultivation Factors That Affect Amyloid-β Aggregation Inhibitory Activity in Perilla frutescens var. crispa

“…It may be essential to adjust fertilization according to nutrient availability in the field. Furthermore, the choice of nitrogen supply reduced the total phenolic content of leaves in strawberries, and the influence is compound-specific [46]. Perilla contains not only the main active compounds, such as RA, but also other active compounds [23].…”

Global Metabolome of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Populations Highlights the Specificity and Inducibility of Phytochemical Responses to Abiotic Stress

“…Ice-cold chloroform was added to the 500 μL sample extract and mixed thoroughly, followed by cold water at a ratio of 1:1:1 (methanol/chloroform/water, v/v/v) and kept on ice for 10 min for phase separation. After centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 1 min, the top methanol−water phase was transferred to vials and analyzed on gaschromatography−mass-spectrometry (GC−MS) and ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography−tandem mass-spectrometry (UHPLC− MS/MS) 19 for profiling primary and secondary metabolites, respectively.…”

Metabolite profiles across populations of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) highlight the specificity and inducibility of phytochemical response to glyphosate stress

“…Metabolites were extracted from leaves to analyze the primary and secondary metabolite profile of samples using GC-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS, respectively, according to Narvekar and Tharayil (2021). To ~100 mg weighed leaf tissue, methanol was added in a ratio of 1:10 (w/v), followed by homogenization at 6000 rpm for 30 seconds for four cycles at 2°C.…”