Nitrogen fixation and acetylene reduction in decaying conifer boles: effects of incubation time, aeration, and moisture content

Silvester, Warwick B.; Sollins, Phillip; Verhoeven, Thomas; Cline, Steven P.

doi:10.1139/x82-098

Cited by 77 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Although N-fixation occurs in decaying logs and the forest floor in Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest (Jurgensen et al 1992, Silvester et al 1982, Sollins et al 1987, rates of N-fixation are low, i.e., < 1 kg N/ha per year. These inputs are less than the N input from precipitation and dry deposition, estimated at 2 to 3 kg/ha per year at the H.J.…”

Section: Discussion-mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fall River Long-Term Site Productivity study in coastal Washington: site characteristics, methods, and biomass and carbon and nitrogen stores before and after harvest.

Ares¹,

Terry²,

Piatek³

et al. 2007

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The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of the Nation's forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of the National Forests and national grasslands, it strives-as directed by Congress-to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation.The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202)

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Section: Discussion-mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fall River Long-Term Site Productivity study in coastal Washington: site characteristics, methods, and biomass and carbon and nitrogen stores before and after harvest.

Ares¹,

Terry²,

Piatek³

et al. 2007

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“…Arrowsmith, south of the MASS site (Feller 1997). b Larsen et al (1982), Silvester et al (1982), Sollins et al (1987), Cushon and Feller (1989). c Heath et al (1988), Cushon and Feller (1989).…”

Section: Relative Differences Between Og Swmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-harvest nitrogen cycling in clearcut and alternative silvicultural systems in a montane forest in coastal British Columbia

Titus¹,

Prescott²,

Maynard³

et al. 2006

The Forestry Chronicle

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The MASS (Montane Alternative Silvicultural Systems) trial was established in the coastal mountains of British Columbia to compare clearcut, patch cut, green tree and shelterwood systems. A number of studies were carried out at the MASS trial to determine the extent to which these variable levels of stand retention retained old-growth attributes of N cycling and associated ecological processes. Harvesting led to increases in N mineralization in the forest floor (2ϫ) and mineral soil (10ϫ), and fluxes of N through the upper 25 cm of mineral soil (2ϫ to 3ϫ). However, fluxes of N were not large (< 0.35 kg ha -1 per growing season). Nitrogen mineralized was predominantly ammonium and not nitrate in the forest floor (> 95% in all but clearcut, > 75% in clearcut) and upper mineral soil horizon (42-86%). The nitrate component came from heterotrophic decomposition of organic matter, not conversion of ammonium to nitrate by autotrophs, and nitrate increases resulted from decreased gross nitrate consumption with harvesting, rather than increased nitrate production. The increases in soil N availability resulting from harvesting were reflected in only slight increases in seedling foliar N concentrations for two to four years after logging (peak of~ 2% for western hemlock and ~ 1.6% for amabilis fir) before decreasing to below deficiency thresholds for both species. Overall, estimated losses of N from the rooting zone after harvesting (1 kg ha -1 yr -1 ) were minimal in comparison to estimated N inputs (4 kg ha -1 yr -1 ), N exports in logs at harvesting (250 kg ha -1 ) and soil reserves (11 400 kg ha -1 ). Although unlikely to affect future site productivity, losses of N could be reduced somewhat through the use of shelterwood harvesting.

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“…The significance of N fixation in CWD is also in question, as the quantities fixed have generally been low (e.g., Silvester et al 1982;Jurgensen et al 1984Jurgensen et al , 1987Harmon et al 1986;Hart 1999): <1 kg ha −1 year −1 . However, even low levels of N fixation can be important if fixation occurs for thousands of years (Jurgensen et al 1984;Crawford et al 1997), or if the N fixed becomes a source of readily available N for the decomposer organisms present (Griffiths et al 1993), or if there are no other net inputs of N into the ecosystem (Feller 1997).…”

Section: Influence Of Coarse Woody Debris On Nutrient Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coarse woody debris in the old-growth forests of British Columbia

Feller

2003

Environ. Rev.

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This paper synthesizes data extracted from the literature and data collected in various studies by the author on the quantity, characteristics, and functional importance of coarse woody debris (CWD) in the old-growth forests of British Columbia (B.C.). There is little agreement in the literature about the minimum diameter of CWD or the number of decay classes recognized. In western North America, five decay classes are commonly used, but recent studies suggest fewer decay classes are preferable. Comparisons among decay classes and biogeoclimatic zones and subzones in B.C. reveal that quantities and volumes are greatest (up to approximately 60 kg/m 2 and approximately 1800 m 3 /ha, respectively), and CWD persists the longest (sometimes in excess of 1000 years) in the Coastal Western Hemlock (CWH) biogeoclimatic zone. The quantity and ground cover of CWD increase with forest productivity. Persistence of CWD has varied from less than 100 to over 800 years in two coastal (CWH and Mountain Hemlock (MH)) and three interior (Interior Douglas-fir (IDF), Interior Cedar-Hemlock (ICH), and Engelmann Spruce -Subalpine Fir (ESSF)) biogeoclimatic zones. Trends in CWD quantity with forest age in managed coastal B.C. forests suggest a U-shaped curve, with greater quantities occurring in recent cutovers than in old-growth forests, and lowest quantities occurring in middle-aged forests. This may be the normal trend in CWD with forest age, with departures from this trend resulting from disturbance-or environment-specific factors. Relatively large amounts of data exist on the characteristics of CWD in the CWH, IDF, ICH, ESSF, and Boreal White and Black Spruce (BWBS) biogeoclimatic zones, but such data for the Coastal Douglas-fir, Sub-Boreal Pine-Spruce, Sub-Boreal Spruce (SBS), and Spruce-Willow-Birch biogeoclimatic zones appear relatively sparse. There have been few studies of the functional role of CWD in B.C. forests, but those studies that have been completed indicate that CWD is an important habitat component for some plant and animal species. A total of 169 plant species, including >95% of all lichens and liverworts, were found to grow on CWD in old-growth forests in the CWH, MH, IDF, ICH, and ESSF biogeoclimatic zones. One third of these species were restricted to CWD. Studies in several biogeoclimatic zones have found that CWD provided preferred habitat for and was associated with higher populations of some small animal species, such as shrews, some voles, and some salamanders, in old-growth forests, but the effects varied with species and biogeoclimatic zone. The nutrient cycling role of CWD is not yet well known, but it currently appears to be relatively insignificant in B.C. old-growth forests. Although it has been considered that CWD could increase mineral soil acidification and eluviation, no Environ. Rev. 11: S135-S157 (2003) 1000 ans) dans la zone biogéoclimatique côtière de la pruche de l'Ouest (CWH). L'abondance des DLG et la superficie de sol qu'ils couvrent augmentent avec la productivité de la forêt. ...

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Nitrogen fixation and acetylene reduction in decaying conifer boles: effects of incubation time, aeration, and moisture content

Cited by 77 publications

References 0 publications

The Fall River Long-Term Site Productivity study in coastal Washington: site characteristics, methods, and biomass and carbon and nitrogen stores before and after harvest.

The Fall River Long-Term Site Productivity study in coastal Washington: site characteristics, methods, and biomass and carbon and nitrogen stores before and after harvest.

Post-harvest nitrogen cycling in clearcut and alternative silvicultural systems in a montane forest in coastal British Columbia

Coarse woody debris in the old-growth forests of British Columbia

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