Nitrogen fixation by white clover in hill pasture

Haystead, A.; Lowe, Allan G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1977.tb01414.x

Cited by 39 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This potential was similar to that found in similar types of grassland elsewhere in the U.K. (Haystead & Lowe, 1977) and probably contributes significantly to the maintenance ofthe soil nitrogen pool.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Although long-term estimates of nitrogen fixation are very imprecise if the data from short term C2H2-reduction incubations are used, the calculated amounts were similar to those published elsewhere (e.g. Haystead & Lowe, 1977). It was found that lichens (found on site 1 only) can fix up to 6 g N ha-h-(measured in October) if the ground is sufficiently wet.…”

Section: The Contribution Of Nitrogen Jixation To the Soil Nitrogen Bmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Nitrogen fixation by white clover (Trifolium repens) in grasslands on soils contaminated with cadmium, lead and zinc

Röther

Millbank

Thornton

1983

Journal of Soil Science

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The nitrogenase activity (potential nitrogen fixation) of a mixed white clover-grass sward growing on a range of soils containing up to 21 6 pg g-' Cd, 30 000 pg g-' Pb and 20 000 pg g-' Zn was determined using the acetylene-reduction assay. The plants were incubated in situ using an intact soil-core technique. Little change in the rate of CzH2 reduction was observed during the daylight hours although a marked seasonal fluctuation was found, the maximum activity during the spring and declining to 20% of this by the autumn. Some reductions of nodule and plant size, and in nitrogenase activity, was observed in the most heavily contaminated sites. These effects were small; the plants and nodules otherwise appeared healthy. The potential for nitrogen fixation was equally high in all the sites at up to 80 g N ha-1 h-I in the spring.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: The Contribution Of Nitrogen Jixation To the Soil Nitrogen Bmentioning

confidence: 92%

Nitrogen fixation by white clover (Trifolium repens) in grasslands on soils contaminated with cadmium, lead and zinc

Röther

Millbank

Thornton

1983

Journal of Soil Science

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“…Walker et al (1954) detected 'excretion' of N by underground organs of clover in variable, but sometimes large, quantities. Haystead and Lowe (1977) found evidence of total N increase in grass companion plants, as have other workers, but did not detect differences in isotope ratio between companionand monoculture-grasses. This result has led Haystead and Marriott (1979) and Haystead (1983) to believe that N from decaying nodules is immobilized by the rhizophere microflora, delaying the changes in isotope ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Effect of three clover varieties on growth, ¹⁵N uptake and fixation by ryegrass/white clover mixtures at three sites in Wales

Goodman

Collison

1986

Grass and Forage Science

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dry matter accumulation and increased '^N fertilizer uptake, but less nitrogen fixed on the mineral upland site than on the peat soil.Whether ''N was given as ammonium or nitrate made little difference in these experiments.Grass and clover production and nitrogen cycling were compared in 1983 and 1984 at three sites: an upland peaty gley and upland and lowland brown earths. The clover varieties Olwen and SI84 were compared in 1983 and SIOO and S184 in 1984. Ammonium and nitrate sources of '^N were used to measure nitrogen recovery from fertilizer and soil, nitrogen fixation and nitrogen transfer from clover to grass. Acetylene reduction was measured once, in 1983, but isotope dilution was used in both years.Olwen clover produced more dry matter and took up more '^N than SI84. Olwen fixed more nitrogen than SI84 over the whole season, as measured by '^N isotope dilution. Companion grass took up more soil nitrogen when growing with SI84 than with Olwen. The clover variety SIOO, tested at the lowland site in 1984, caused no significant variations in dry matter accumulation or N fixation.In the dry 1984 season, grass dry matter accumulation and "N uptake were less than in 1983, and plants actually lost total nitrogen from their roots to the soil. Fixation rate varied more in 1984 than in 1983. Nitrogen transfer from clover to grass was detected by isotope ratio differences in 1983, and by total N differences in 1984.Site differences were dominated by the greater dry matter accumulation of Olwen in the lowland in 1983, but in that year there was also increased

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“…Of this indirect benefit 30.7 kgN ha -1 was accrued in the mixture grass by the end of the first growth period, falling to 8.3kgN h a -1 in the second growth period and only 3.7 kgN ha -1 in the third growth period. A 'N advantage' for grass growing in a mixture when compared to grass in a monoculture has been observed by many researchers working with grass/white clover pastures (Boiler and Nosberger, 1987;Cowling and Lockyer, 1966;Goodman and Collison, 1986;Haystead and Lowe, 1977;Munro and Davies, 1974;Simpson, 1976). Indeed, the more general idea of non-legume benefitting from association with legume was recognised by early workers (Lipman, 1912;Nicol, 1934).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

15N estimates of nitrogen fixation by white clover (Trifolium repens L.) growing in a mixture with ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

McNeill

Wood

1990

Plant Soil

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The 15N isotope dilution technique and the N difference method were used to estimate N 2 fixation by clover growing in a mixture with ryegrass, in a field experiment and a controlled environment experiment. Values obtained using N difference were approximately 25% lower than those estimated using 15N isotope dilution. In the field experiment there was a measured N benefit to grass growing with clover, equivalent to 42.7 kgN ha -1. The grass in the mixture had a lower atom %15N content and a higher N content than grass in a monoculture; therefore values for N z fixation were different depending on choice of control plant i.e. monoculture or mixture grass. In the controlled environment experiment there were no significant differences between either the atom %15N contents or the N contents of monoculture grass and grass growing in a mixture with clover. It is concluded that there is a long term indirect transfer of N from clover to associated grass which can lead to errors in estimates of N 2 fixation.

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Nitrogen fixation by white clover in hill pasture

Cited by 39 publications

References 23 publications

Nitrogen fixation by white clover (Trifolium repens) in grasslands on soils contaminated with cadmium, lead and zinc

Nitrogen fixation by white clover (Trifolium repens) in grasslands on soils contaminated with cadmium, lead and zinc

Effect of three clover varieties on growth, ¹⁵N uptake and fixation by ryegrass/white clover mixtures at three sites in Wales

15N estimates of nitrogen fixation by white clover (Trifolium repens L.) growing in a mixture with ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

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Nitrogen fixation by white clover in hill pasture

Cited by 39 publications

References 23 publications

Nitrogen fixation by white clover (Trifolium repens) in grasslands on soils contaminated with cadmium, lead and zinc

Nitrogen fixation by white clover (Trifolium repens) in grasslands on soils contaminated with cadmium, lead and zinc

Effect of three clover varieties on growth, 15N uptake and fixation by ryegrass/white clover mixtures at three sites in Wales

15N estimates of nitrogen fixation by white clover (Trifolium repens L.) growing in a mixture with ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

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Effect of three clover varieties on growth, ¹⁵N uptake and fixation by ryegrass/white clover mixtures at three sites in Wales