Nitrogen, helium, and argon reveal the magmatic signature of fumarole gases and episodes of outgassing from upper-crustal magma reservoirs: The case of the Nisyros caldera (Aegean Arc, Greece)

Bini, Giulio; Chiodini, Giovanni; Caliro, S.; Tassi, Franco; Vaselli, Orlando; Rizzo, Andrea Luca; Mollo, Silvio; Vougioukalakis, Georgios E.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2022.08.028

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…www.nature.com/scientificreports/ All measured 3 He/ 4 He ratios (2.5-8.1 R A ) are significantly higher than the atmospheric value, indicating the presence of mantle He. The ( 3 He/ 4 He) corr ratios (air-corrected 3 He/ 4 He) are calculated using the 4 He/ 20 Ne ratios (Eqs. 1 and 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some temporal variations in the relative abundances of volatile species in magmatic gases have been attributed to solubility-controlled fractionation that correlates with the vesicularity of degassing magma 13 , 15 , 16 , 18 – 20 . Since noble gases such as He and Ar are chemically inert, their abundance ratios are not affected by any chemical process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some physicochemical processes at shallow depths can modify both parameters, the spatial-temporal variations in 3 He/CO 2 ratios and carbon isotope ratios of CO 2 have been used to monitor volcanic activities and understand the structures of magmatic-hydrothermal systems [12][13][14][15][16][17] . Some temporal variations in the relative abundances of volatile species in magmatic gases have been attributed to solubility-controlled fractionation that correlates with the vesicularity of degassing magma 13,15,16,[18][19][20] . Since noble gases such as He and Ar are chemically inert, their abundance ratios are not affected by any chemical process.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Calculation of ( 3 He/ 4 He) corr ratios. The ( 3 He/ 4 He) corr ratios (air-corrected 3 He/ 4 He) are calculated by the following equations assuming that the 4 He/ 20 Ne ratios of magmatic and crustal components are significantly higher than that of air 52 : where ( 4 He/ 20 Ne) air of 0.318 is assumed 3 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Calculation of 3 He air / 3 He sample ratios. The fractions of 3 He air in the samples are calculated by the following equation assuming that all 20 Ne is derived from the air: Calculation of 40 Ar* concentrations. The concentration of excess 40 Ar (= 40 Ar*) is given by: where ( 40 Ar/ 36 Ar) atm is the 40 Ar/ 36 Ar ratio of atmospheric Ar in a sample.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Monitoring of magmatic–hydrothermal system by noble gas and carbon isotopic compositions of fumarolic gases

Obase

Sumino

Toyama

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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We repeatedly measured isotopic compositions of noble gases and CO2 in volcanic gases sampled at six fumaroles around the Kusatsu-Shirane volcano (Japan) between 2014 and 2021 to detect variations reflecting recent volcanic activity. The synchronous increases in 3He/4He at some fumaroles suggest an increase in magmatic gas supply since 2018. The increase in magmatic gas supply is also supported by the temporal variations in 3He/CO2 ratios and carbon isotopic ratios of CO2. The 3He/40Ar* ratios (40Ar*: magmatic 40Ar) show significant increases in the period of high 3He/4He ratios. The temporal variation in 3He/40Ar* ratios may reflect changes in magma vesicularity. Therefore, the 3He/40Ar* ratio of fumarolic gases is a useful parameter to monitor the current state of degassing magma, which is essential for understanding the deep process of volcanic unrest and may contribute to identifying precursors of a future eruption. These results provide additional validation for the use of noble gas and carbon isotopic compositions of fumarolic gases for monitoring magmatic–hydrothermal systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Monitoring of magmatic–hydrothermal system by noble gas and carbon isotopic compositions of fumarolic gases

Obase

Sumino

Toyama

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Quantification of volcanic degassing and analysis of uncertainties using numerical modeling: the case of Stephanos crater (Nisyros Island, Greece)

Massaro,

Tamburello,

Bini

et al. 2024

Bull Volcanol

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Nisyros Island (Greece) is affected by widespread gas emissions from fumarolic fields located at the bottom of hydrothermal craters in the southern part of its caldera. This morphology and the current low gas fluxes make Nisyros an ideal site for testing the limits of physics-based gas dispersal models in confined and low-emission conditions. Here, we focused our attention on the local scale volcanic gas dispersion from the Stephanos hydrothermal crater. In April 2023, a 1-week survey was carried out to measure weather data, CO2 and H2S gas fluxes, air concentrations from portable gas stations, and chemical composition of fumarolic gases and to acquire thermal images of the crater floor. These data were used as inputs and boundary conditions for numerical simulations using a DISGAS-2.6.0 model in order to quantify the present-day volcanic degassing and its associated uncertainties, accounting for the meteorological variability. Model results are provided in terms of H2S probabilistic exceedance and persistence maps, showing gas concentrations within the crater that fall below the thresholds indicated for the occurrence of serious respiratory problems. Since DISGAS-2.6.0 does not account for chemical reactions, this study represents a good opportunity to discuss the methodological limits of simulating the dispersion of H2S which is challenging due to its rapid degradation and dilution in the atmosphere. In this regard, we also provided an empirical law of the H2S depletion in low-emission conditions that takes into account the uncertainties related to the field measurements.

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Extremely deuterium depleted methane revealed in high-temperature volcanic gases

Ricci,

Fiebig,

Tassi

et al. 2024

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Nitrogen, helium, and argon reveal the magmatic signature of fumarole gases and episodes of outgassing from upper-crustal magma reservoirs: The case of the Nisyros caldera (Aegean Arc, Greece)

Cited by 12 publications

References 88 publications

Monitoring of magmatic–hydrothermal system by noble gas and carbon isotopic compositions of fumarolic gases

Monitoring of magmatic–hydrothermal system by noble gas and carbon isotopic compositions of fumarolic gases

Quantification of volcanic degassing and analysis of uncertainties using numerical modeling: the case of Stephanos crater (Nisyros Island, Greece)

Extremely deuterium depleted methane revealed in high-temperature volcanic gases

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