“…Most research, government initiatives and industry proposals tend to put forward solutions that aim to reduce the impacts of CSO discharges instead of targeting the causes of their occurrences. Proposals about separating combined sewers into separate foul and surface water drains, 80 re-engineering existing infrastructure and landscapes, 81,82 reducing the amount of surface water entering combined sewer networks, 83 and preventing blockages from unflushable products such as wet wipes 84,85 and fats, 86,87 can potentially help but do not address what is causing the increases in CSO spills frequency and duration, while other solutions such as building additional storage tank capacity 88 and treating discharges from overflows in wetlands 89 end up treating the symptoms and not preventing the use of CSOs.…”