Nitrogen inputs and outputs for New Zealand in 2001 at national and regional scales

Parfitt, R. L.; Schipper, Louis A.; Baisden, W. Troy; Elliott, Alexander H.

doi:10.1007/s10533-006-0002-y

Cited by 76 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…New Zealand dairy grazing generates large amounts of effluent, which contain N as well as other nutrients and heavy metals (Wang et al, 2004). On New Zealand farms, N fertilizer use has intensified over recent years from 50 Gg in 1989 to 342 Gg in 2003 in order to increase production from a fixed land area (Parfitt et al, 2006). Not only is land use intensification occurring in terms of fertilizer inputs, but also in terms of energy and water for irrigation (PCE, 2004).…”

Section: Nitrate Management In New Zealandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term nitrate removal in a denitrification wall

Long

Schipper

Bruesewitz

2011

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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Section: Nitrate Management In New Zealandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term nitrate removal in a denitrification wall

Long

Schipper

Bruesewitz

2011

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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“…This ammonia from volcanoes, along with the much larger quantities of ammonia volatilised from pastures, can be re-deposited onto land, and we estimate that 50% is added by dry deposition onto forests and trees (Parfitt et al 2006). …”

Section: Wet and Dry Depositionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…N deposition was estimated from Parfitt et al (2006). About half the deposition would have been on forest in the west of the South Island, where the rainfall is often >2 m. Legumes had probably been introduced by 1861 but the P status of much of the cleared land was low (Walker & Syers 1976).…”

Section: Scenarios N Inputs and Outputs For 1861mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the average input of N from legumes on this land was assumed to be 5 kg N/ha per year, though there is considerable uncertainty in this number. The amounts of N lost by erosion processes were estimated from the amounts lost in kg/ha per year for forest and for pasture in 2001/02 (Parfitt et al 2006). These rates were then applied to areas of forest and cleared land in 1861 (McKinnon 1997).…”

Section: Scenarios N Inputs and Outputs For 1861mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen inputs and outputs for New Zealand at national and regional scales: Past, present and future scenarios

Parfitt

Baisden

Schipper

et al. 2008

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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The Nanjing Declaration on Nitrogen Management calls for national governments to optimise N management by several strategies including assessment of N cycles. In New Zealand, reactive N continues to be added to the environment mainly by biological N fixation, and increasingly from N fertiliser additions. Here, we extend our work on N budgets in 2001/02 for New Zealand (267 000 km 2 ), at both national and regional scales, to 1861, 2020 and 2050. We first attempt to estimate the N cycle for 1861, the year of the first census and when European settlers were beginning to clear large areas of forest for agriculture in some regions. For the future, we adopt two scenarios: agricultural production increasing at 3% p.a., and a "cap and trade" scheme for N. These scenarios provide instructive results by projecting two very different potential policy directions into the future; they do not represent predictions. The 3% growth scenario warns of ever-increasing N loads on the environment. The cap and trade scenario (such as may be introduced by regional councils) supports the development of a mechanism by which farmers might constrain N losses without regulations being introduced. These scenarios seek to provide farmers, industry and regulators with an understanding of the large range of future possibilities. This paper highlights the urgency with which primary industry must move away from increased production per se to systems where value is added to products.

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“…commonly stimulates the soil enzymatic activity (Crecchio et al, 2001;Madejon et al, 2001;Balezentiene and Klimas, 2009). High urease activity may also lead to certain adverse effects due to ammonia volatilization or denitrification losses, particularly in slightly alkaline and overly irrigated soils (Zaman et al, 2008;Gioacchini et al 2002;Parfitt et al 2006). This fact must be considered when determining the application rates and types of fertilizers for different types of soils and under specified agroenvironmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Between Fertilizer Type and Rate, Urease Activity and Total Nitrogen and Ammonium Nitrogen Contents in a Chernozem Soil Under Wheat

Djukic¹,

Mandic²,

VESKOVIC³

et al. 2015

AgricultForest

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SUMMARYResearch was conducted on the effects of mineral fertilizers and manure on urease activity and total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen contents, and their correlation in a chernozem soil during four developmental stages of wheat.The study involved the following treatments: unfertilized control; N2 (100 kg/ha N); P2 (100 kg/ha P); K2 (100 kg/ha K); N2P2; N2K2; P2K2; N1P1K1 (50:50:50 kg/ha); N2P2K2; N3P3K3 (150:150:150 kg/ha), and N1P1K1 + solid manure (20 t/ha). Urease activity was determined by the method of Hofmann, and total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen by the Kjeldahl method.The combined application of low NPK fertilizer rates and manure resulted in increased urease activity. All treatments with three-component mineral fertilizers, two-component P2K2 and phosphorus P2 applied during the first two phenophases of wheat inhibited the soil urease activity, whereas at other developmental stages their effect and the effect of other mineral fertilizers on the activity of the enzyme were non-significant. The results indicate differing effects of mineral fertilizers on total N in the soil regardless of developmental stages. Of the single-component fertilizers, the highest total N level was recorded under K treatment. The use of two-component fertilizers produced a higher total N content compared to the single-component ones. Of the NPK treatments, total N content was highest under N2P2K2 treatment throughout the growing season. The N1P1K1 + manure treatment gave the highest amount of total N. Significant differences were found in ammonium N levels between the control and most of the other treatments during the growing season, but no definite pattern could be established.There were no correlations either between the mineral fertilizers used and urease activity or between urease activity and total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen contents.

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Nitrogen inputs and outputs for New Zealand in 2001 at national and regional scales

Cited by 76 publications

References 44 publications

Long-term nitrate removal in a denitrification wall

Long-term nitrate removal in a denitrification wall

Nitrogen inputs and outputs for New Zealand at national and regional scales: Past, present and future scenarios

Correlation Between Fertilizer Type and Rate, Urease Activity and Total Nitrogen and Ammonium Nitrogen Contents in a Chernozem Soil Under Wheat

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