Nitrogen losses from entire plants of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) from tillering to maturation

Rroço, Evan; Mengel, K.

doi:10.1016/s1161-0301(00)00068-x

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The N concentration in the roots at full maturity was in average for the two cultivars 5.2 mg g −1 dry weight. Higher root N concentration at full maturity than in this experiment has been found in wheat experiments with high N status (Oscarson 1996;Rroco and Mengel, 2000). During the vegetation period N concentration and N amount in the aboveground parts of cereals are higher at high N supply than at low N supply (Siman, 1974).…”

Section: Redistribution Of Nitrogensupporting

confidence: 46%

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Nitrogen redistribution from the roots in post-anthesis plants of spring wheat

2005

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The aim of this study was to investigate post-anthesis N redistribution from the roots to other organs in the wheat plant. Two cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Sport and WL were grown to maturity in culture solution with stepwise-decreasing N supply and 15 N before sampling. The N concentration of dry weight in the roots decreased from anthesis to full maturity. At maturity the root N concentration was 5.5 mg g −1 dry weight for Sport and 4.9 mg g −1 dry weight for WL, while the main shoot N concentration was 2.1 mg g −1 dry weight for Sport and 2.2 mg g −1 dry weight for WL. The roots were a major sink for N taken up post-anthesis and contained the main proportion of the 15 N during the whole post-anthesis period. The N redistributed from the roots contributed 24.3% of the total N amount in the grains at maturity in cv Sport and 8.7% in cv WL. For cv Sport, 46.3% of the root N amount was redistributed to other parts of the plant and for WL 25.4%. The tiller grains were supplied with N from the 15 N applied post-anthesis to a higher degree than the main shoot grains. The transport capability was maintained until 12 days after complete yellowness. We concluded that wheat has a great ability to redistribute nitrogen from the root system to the grains.

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Section: Redistribution Of Nitrogensupporting

confidence: 46%

“…Earlier studies have shown that 12% of the N from the plant is lost to the soil through release from the roots (Rroco and Mengel, 2000). Discrepancies between results might be due to root mortality (Steingrobe et al, 2001), but also other explanations are possible.…”

Section: Root Development and Nitrogen Recoverymentioning

confidence: 97%

Nitrogen redistribution from the roots in post-anthesis plants of spring wheat

2005

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“…However, there were significant differences between in-field (82% 6 20% (SD)) and pot experiments under controlled conditions (56% 6 18% (SD)). Differences in root (1) to 15 N leaching from leaves and stems, because rainfall might cause the transfer of the tracer into the soil (Rroço and Mengel 2000) and (2) to the effect of labelling frequency which could substantially change the proportion of the total plant N allocated to belowground parts (Mahieu et al 2009a). Unfortunately, the magnitude of these errors is unknown.…”

Section: Fixed N In Aerial and Belowground Parts Of The Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships for estimating N₂ fixation in legumes: incidence for N balance of legume‐based cropping systems in Europe

2015

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Citation: Anglade, J., G. Billen, and J. Garnier. 2015. Relationships for estimating N 2 fixation in legumes: incidence for N balance of legume-based cropping systems in Europe. Ecosphere 6(3):37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00353.1Abstract. Management of nitrogen (N) inputs into agricultural systems is of increasing interest due to the intensive use of synthetic fertilizers in modern cash crop systems, which has caused considerable environmental damage, including nitrate contamination of surface and groundwater, eutrophication of coastal marine areas and emission of greenhouse gases. The use of legumes grown in rotations or intercropping is nowadays regarded as an alternative and sustainable way of introducing N into low-input cropping systems. In order to develop a simple tool to assess biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by legume pulse and forages within crop rotations, we conducted a systematic literature survey with a quantitative statistical analysis intended to define a robust relationship between measurable variables and N 2 fixation. We found highly significant correlations between total N accumulation in shoot matter and fixed N 2 in forage (y ¼ 0.79x À 0.49) and grain (y ¼ 0.70x þ 1.01) legumes. Accurately estimating the contribution of belowground components is more difficult because of a lack of relevant studies. Properly assessing BNF is crucial to evaluate the possibility of diversified legume based cropping systems achieving a balance between inputs and outputs, thus ensuring both short-term productivity and long-term sustainability. For a typical nine-year organic rotation in the Paris basin alternating legumes and cereals, the soil surface balance, calculated with the relationships obtained, indicated that N fluxes were balanced, leaving a surplus of only a few kg N/ha/yr, with legumes accounting for 86% of total N inputs.

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“…Janzen (1990) and Janzen and Bruinsma (1993) also observed that N exudation increased with higher fertilization. Rroço and Mengel (2000) reported that N rhizodeposition measured between ear emergence and maturity represented 12 % of total N captured by wheat plants. These values are reasonably close to our simulation for the post-anthesis period (12, 13 and 18 % in H0, H3 and H15, respectively).…”

Section: Fluxes Of C and N In Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CN-Wheat, a functional–structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. II. Model evaluation

Barillot

Chambon

Andrieu

2016

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims Simulating resource allocation in crops requires an integrated view of plant functioning and the formalization of interactions between carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms. This study evaluates the functional-structural model CN-Wheat developed for winter wheat after anthesis.Methods In CN-Wheat the acquisition and allocation of resources between photosynthetic organs, roots and grains are emergent properties of sink and source activities and transfers of mobile metabolites. CN-Wheat was calibrated for field plants under three N fertilizations at anthesis. Model parameters were taken from the literature or calibrated on the experimental data. Key Results The model was able to predict the temporal variations and the distribution of resources in the culm. Thus, CN-Wheat accurately predicted the post-anthesis kinetics of dry masses and N content of photosynthetic organs and grains in response to N fertilization. In our simulations, when soil nitrates were non-limiting, N in grains was ultimately determined by availability of C for root activity. Dry matter accumulation in grains was mostly affected by photosynthetic organ lifespan, which was regulated by protein turnover and C-regulated root activity.Conclusions The present study illustrates that the hypotheses implemented in the model were able to predict realistic dynamics and spatial patterns of C and N. CN-Wheat provided insights into the interplay of C and N metabolism and how the depletion of mobile metabolites due to grain filling ultimately results in the cessation of resource capture. This enabled us to identify processes that limit grain mass and protein content and are potential targets for plant breeding.

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Nitrogen losses from entire plants of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) from tillering to maturation

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

Nitrogen redistribution from the roots in post-anthesis plants of spring wheat

Nitrogen redistribution from the roots in post-anthesis plants of spring wheat

Relationships for estimating N₂ fixation in legumes: incidence for N balance of legume‐based cropping systems in Europe

CN-Wheat, a functional–structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. II. Model evaluation

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Nitrogen losses from entire plants of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) from tillering to maturation

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

Nitrogen redistribution from the roots in post-anthesis plants of spring wheat

Nitrogen redistribution from the roots in post-anthesis plants of spring wheat

Relationships for estimating N2 fixation in legumes: incidence for N balance of legume‐based cropping systems in Europe

CN-Wheat, a functional–structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. II. Model evaluation

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Relationships for estimating N₂ fixation in legumes: incidence for N balance of legume‐based cropping systems in Europe