Nitrogen metabolism in dairy cows fed restricted amounts of grass–clover silage supplemented with seeds from narrow-leafed lupin or pea

Eriksson, Torsten

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2010.02.021

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Rumen ammonia peaks mainly resulted from the added urea to the experimental rations, where both silage proportions and silage CP concentrations were low. However, the peaks were very similar in magnitude to what occurs after a silage meal of a typical Scandinavian dairy ration dominated by grass-legume silage (Eriksson, 2010;Eriksson et al, 2012). The fed urea amount would, for instance, correspond to a ruminal liquid concentration of 38 mg of NH 3 -N/dL, if rumen liquid volume is assumed to be 86 L, as in recent rumen evacuations at our laboratory .…”

Section: Diurnal N Patterns and Effects On N Turnover From Treatmentssupporting

confidence: 58%

Effects on milk urea concentration, urine output, and drinking water intake from incremental doses of potassium bicarbonate fed to mid-lactation dairy cows

Eriksson

Rustas

2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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Large variation exists in the potassium content of dairy cow feeds and also within a feed type due to soil type and fertilization. Increased ration K concentration causes a subsequent increase in urinary volume and could be expected to also lower milk urea concentration. Six multiparous mid-lactation Swedish Red dairy cows, all fitted with rumen cannulas, were subjected to 3 different levels of K intake in a Latin square experiment with three 2-wk periods to evaluate the effects on concentrations of milk urea and rumen ammonia, urinary output, and drinking water intake. The treatments were achieved by K supplementation on top of a low-K basal ration fed at individual allowances fixed throughout the experiment. The basal ration, consumed at 20.2 kg of dry matter (DM)/d, provided 165 g of crude protein/kg of DM and consisted of grass silage, concentrates, and urea in the proportions 39.3:60.0:0.7 on a DM basis. Potassium bicarbonate supplementation was 0, 616, and 1,142 g/d, respectively, to give total ration K concentrations that were low (LO; 12 g/kg of DM), medium (MED; 23 g/kg of DM), or high (HI; 32 g/kg of DM). Production and composition of milk was not affected by treatment. A linear effect on milk urea concentration was detected, being 4.48, 4.18, and 3.77 mM for LO, MED, and HI, respectively, and a linear tendency for rumen ammonia concentration with 6.65, 6.51, and 5.84 mg of NH₃-N/dL for LO, MED, and HI, respectively. Milk urea concentration peaked about 3h after the rumen ammonia peak from the morning feeding, at a level 1.3mM over the baseline. Urinary urea excretion declined linearly (105, 103, and 98 g of urea-N/d for LO, MED, and HI, respectively). Linear increases occurred in urinary output (0.058 ± 0.001 kg of urine/g of K intake; no intercept; coefficient of determination=0.997) and drinking water intake (65.9 ± 2.02 + 0.069 ± 0.004 kg of water/g of K intake; coefficient of determination=0.95). Urinary K concentration leveled off at 12.4 g/L. Urinary creatinine excretion was not affected by K addition, but allantoin excretion increased linearly by 27% from LO to HI, suggesting increased rumen microbial growth. Rumen pH, acetate proportion of total volatile fatty acids, and digestibility of DM, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber increased linearly with increasing potassium intake. We concluded that increased ration K concentration lowers milk urea concentration with a magnitude significant for the interpretation of milk urea values, but other sources of variation, such as sampling time relative to feeding, may be even more important.

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Section: Diurnal N Patterns and Effects On N Turnover From Treatmentssupporting

confidence: 58%

Effects on milk urea concentration, urine output, and drinking water intake from incremental doses of potassium bicarbonate fed to mid-lactation dairy cows

Eriksson

Rustas

2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Experimental protocol and analytical methods were as described by Eriksson (), with N balance performed on eight cows and rumen studies on four cows. The cows were weighed at 10·00 h on days 20 and 21 of each period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantitative urine collection into 1·8 m sulphuric acid was performed for 72 h, starting at 06·00 h on d 25 (Eriksson, ). Collection containers were replaced every 12th hour, the amount of urine was weighed, and a subsample of 50 mL kg −1 urine was taken and kept refrigerated until the end of the 72‐h period, when subsamples were pooled to a period sample per cow and frozen at −30°.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All samples were analysed for ammonia‐N and α‐amino‐N (Broderick and Kang, ), and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were determined by HPLC (Andersson and Hedlund, ) in samples pooled within cow and period. Total rumen evacuations were performed at 11·00 h on days 25 and 27, according to procedures described by Eriksson (). Lyophilized samples were analysed for DM, ash, Kjeldahl‐N and aNDFOM as described for feeds.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen metabolism and milk production in dairy cows fed semi‐restricted amounts of ryegrass–legume silage with birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) or white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

Eriksson

Norell

Nilsdotter-Linde³

2012

Grass and Forage Science

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This is an author produced version of a paper published in Grass and forage science. This paper has been peer-reviewed but may not include the final publisher proof-corrections or pagination.Citation for the published paper: Eriksson, T., Norell, L. and Nilsdotter-Linde, N. (2012) Nitrogen metabolism and milk production in dairy cows fed semi-restricted amounts of ryegrass-legume silage with birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) or white clover (Trifolium repens L. AbstractIn change-over trials, mid-lactation dairy cows were fed concentrate-supplemented, isonitrogenous and iso-fibrous perennial ryegrass-legume silage diets that satisfied energy requirements but were sub-optimal with respect to metabolisable protein supply. Legumes were either birdsfoot trefoil with low levels of condensed tannins (typical for hemiboreal conditions), or white clover. Averaged over two experimental years, birdsfoot trefoil-based silage resulted in lower digestibility (P < 0.001) of dry matter (50 g kg -1 ), organic matter (52 g kg -1 ), neutral detergent fibre (120 g kg -1 ) and nitrogen (24 g kg -1 ) and lower rumen total volatile fatty acid concentration (7 mM; P = 0.009). Milk protein yield was 36 g d -1 higher with birdsfoot trefoil silage (P = 0.002), while raw milk yield tended to be 0.8 kg d -1 higher (P = 0.06). Rumen ammonia concentration was similar between diets, but milk urea concentration (P < 0.001), urinary urea excretion (P = 0.002) and faecal N proportion (P = 0.001) were higher with birdsfoot trefoil silage. The results suggest that grass-birdsfoot trefoil silage produced in hemiboreal areas exhibits a protein-sparing effect in dairy rations, despite a low condensed tannin content that is further diluted by companion grasses and ration concentrate proportion.

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“…Esimerkiksi härkäpavun ja herneen siementen tärkkelyspitoisuus voi olla 400-500 g/kg ka, kun taas lupiinin tärkkelyspitoisuus (100 g/kg ka) on huomattavasti pienempi ja toisaalta NDF-pitoisuus (250 g/kg ka) suurempi kuin herneen ja härkäpavun (MTT 2010). Lupiini sisältää myös helppoliukoisia hiilihydraatteja pektiiniä ja galaktaania (Eriksson 2010). Palkoviljojen tärkkelyksen pötsihajoavuus on laajamittaista ja nopeaa (Yu ym.…”

Section: Palkoviljojen Ravitsemuksellinen Arvounclassified

Palkoviljat nautojen ruokinnassa

Puhakka¹,

Jaakkola²,

Vanhatalo³

2012

SMST

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Kotieläintilojen rehuntuotanto perustuu pitkälti typpilannoituksella tuotettuihin perusrehuihin ja valkuaisrehujen osalta tuontivalkuaiseen, joten karjatalous on suuressa määrin riippuvainen ulkomaisista tuotantopanoksista ja niiden hinnoista. Typpeä sitovien palkoviljojen nykyistä laajempi viljely ja käyttöönotto eläinten ruokinnassa voisi parantaa kotieläintuotannon energia- ja valkuaisomavaraisuutta. Palkoviljojen, kuten herneen, härkäpavun ja lupiinin käytöstä nautojen rehuna Suomessa on melko niukasti tutkimustietoa. Tässä kirjallisuuteen perustuvassa esityksessä tarkastellaan palkoviljojen ravitsemuksellisia ominaisuuksia ja soveltuvuutta erityisesti nautakarjan ruokintaan. Herne ja härkäpapu ovat vanhastaan tunnettuja valkuaispitoisia palkoviljoja ja niitä voidaan viljellä myös kokoviljasäilörehuksi. Kotimaisten tutkimusten mukaan herneen siemen soveltuu hyvin lypsylehmien rehuksi, mutta valkuaisarvoltaan se ei ole aivan rypsin veroinen. Herneen siemenessä on valkuaista noin puolet rypsirehujen pitoisuuksista, eli reilut 200 g/kg kuiva-ainetta. Herneen valkuainen hajoaa suurelta osin jo pötsissä, joten siinä ei ole samalla tavalla ohitusvalkuaista kuten rypsirehuissa. Herne sisältää kuitenkin runsaasti tärkkelystä, joten se voi lisätä pötsimikrobien energian saantia ja vaikuttaa edullisesti mikrobivalkuaisen tuotantoon pötsissä. Myös kokoviljasäilörehun täydentäjäksi herne sopii hyvin, koska kokoviljasäilörehun valkuaispitoisuus on tyypillisesti pieni. Härkäpavusta ja lupiineista lypsylehmien rehuna ei ole juuri kotimaisia tutkimustuloksia. Härkäpavun siemen sisältää tärkkelystä vähemmän, mutta valkuaista selvästi enemmän kuin herne, n. 300 g/kg kuiva-ainetta. Lupiinien valkuaispitoisuus on jonkin verran suurempi kuin härkäpavun. Ne poikkeavat herneestä ja härkäpavusta siten, että niiden tärkkelyspitoisuus on pieni. Sen sijaan lupiinit sisältävät rasvaa, muun muassa öljyhappoa, ja helppoliukoisia hiilihydraatteja. Yhteistä kaikille palkoviljoille on, että rypsirehuihin verrattuna niiden valkuainen sisältää vain niukasti rikkipitoisia aminohappoja kuten metioniinia. Toisaalta palkoviljojen etuna rypsiin nähden on, että ne sisältävät selvästi vähemmän fosforia, joten tässä suhteessa ne eivät kuormita ympäristöä niin paljon kuin rypsi. Ulkomaisten tutkimusten mukaan härkäpavun ja lupiinin maidontuotantovaikutus on joissakin kokeissa ollut jopa soijan luokkaa. Hernettä ja härkäpapua voidaan korjata palkojen täyttymisvaiheessa ennen tuleentumista myös kokoviljasäilörehuksi. Hernevilja-säilörehua voidaan syöttää lypsylehmille joko ainoana karkearehuna tai seoksena nurmirehun kanssa. Härkäpavusta kokoviljasäilörehuna on melko niukasti kotimaisia tutkimustuloksia. Myös valkolupiini on kiinnostava rehukasvi. Suomen olosuhteissa se ei ehdi tuleentua, mutta hyvän sadontuottokykynsä vuoksi se on mielenkiintoinen kokoviljasäilörehun raaka-aine.

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Nitrogen metabolism in dairy cows fed restricted amounts of grass–clover silage supplemented with seeds from narrow-leafed lupin or pea

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Effects on milk urea concentration, urine output, and drinking water intake from incremental doses of potassium bicarbonate fed to mid-lactation dairy cows

Effects on milk urea concentration, urine output, and drinking water intake from incremental doses of potassium bicarbonate fed to mid-lactation dairy cows

Nitrogen metabolism and milk production in dairy cows fed semi‐restricted amounts of ryegrass–legume silage with birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) or white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

Palkoviljat nautojen ruokinnassa

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