Nitrogen mineralization in a green manure-amended soil as influenced by cropping history and subsequent crop

Janzen, H. H.; Radder, G. D.

doi:10.1007/bf02370298

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Looking at the shapes of the curves in Fig 2B, the recovery of residue N in the pea x 1 treatment is anomalously high at the 2-year sampling, so the difference in the recovery of pea residue N between in the planted and unplanted soil may actually have been greater. Nevertheless, the higher recovery of residue N in the cropped soil is in agreement with the observations by Janzen and Radder (1989), that cropping reduce the net N-mineralization, perhaps due to immobilization of N in the rhizosphere or simpler due to dead roots not being recovered. However, competition for N by ryegrass could have reduced the amount of N available to the soil microbial biomass and the water uptake by ryegrass could have reduced soil moisture in the planted plots compared to unplanted plots, hereby causing the apparent lower net mineralization of residue N in the planted plots (Dormaar, 1990;Merckx et al, 1987;Sparling et al, 1982).…”

Section: Balances and Losses O F Residue Nsupporting

confidence: 91%

Compared cycling in a soil-plant system of pea and barley residue nitrogen

Jensen

1996

Plant Soil

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Field experiments were carried out on a temperate soil to determine the decline rate, the stabilization in soil organic matter and the plant uptake of N from 15N-labelled crop residues. The fate of N from field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) residues was followed in unplanted and planted plots and related to their chemical composition. In the top 10 cm of unplanted plots, inorganic N was immobilized after barley residue incorporation, whereas the inorganic N pool was increased during the initial 30 days after incorporation (DAI) of pea residues. Initial net mineralization of N was highly correlated to the concentrations of soluble C and N and the lignin:N ratio of residues. The contribution of residue-derived N to the inorganic N pool was at its maximum 30 DAI (10-55%) and declined to on average 5% after 3 years of decomposition.Residual organic labelled N in the top 10 cm soil declined rapidly during the initial 86 DAI for all residue types. Leaching of soluble organic materials may have contributed to this decline. At 216 DAI 72, 59 and 45% of the barley, mature pea and green pea residue N, respectively, were present in organic N-forms in the topsoil. During the 1-3 year period, residual organic labelled N from different residues declined at similar rates, mean decay constant: 0.18 yr -I . After 3 years, 45% of the barley and on average 32% of the pea residue N were present as soil organic N. The proportion of residue N remaining in the soil after 3 years of decomposition was most strongly correlated with the total and soluble N concentrations in the residue. The ratio (% inorganic N derived from residues):(% organic N derived from residues) was used as a measure of the rate residue N stabilization. From initial values of 3-7 the ratios declined to on average 1.9 and 1.6 after 2 and 3 yrs, respectively, indicating that a major part of the residue N was stabilized after 2 years of decomposition. Even though the largest proportion of residue N stabilized after 3 years was found for barley, the largest amount of residue N stabilized was found with incorporation of pea residues, since much more N was incorporated with these residues.In planted plots and after one year of decomposition, 7% of the pea and 5% of the barley residue N were recovered in perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne L.) shoots. After 2 years the cumulative recovery of residue N in ryegrass shoots and roots was 14% for pea and 15% for barley residue N. The total uptake of non-labelled soil N after 2 years of growth was similar in the two residue treatments, but the amount of soil N taken up in each growth period varied between the treatments, apparently because the soil N immobilized during initial decomposition of residues was remineralized later in the barley than in the pea residue treatment. Balances were established for the amounts of barley and mature pea residue N remaining in the 0-10 cm soil layer and taken up in ryegrass after 2 years of decomposition. About 24% of the barley and 35% of the pea residue N were u...

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Section: Balances and Losses O F Residue Nsupporting

confidence: 91%

Compared cycling in a soil-plant system of pea and barley residue nitrogen

Jensen

1996

Plant Soil

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“…The higher values found for mature cowpea by Frankenberger and Abdelmagid (1985) may have been a result of using a different cowpea variety or different growth conditions (leaves and roots of mature cowpeas had lower C/N ratios than leaves and roots of young cowpeas used in our study), the removal of mineralized N by frequent leaching during incubation making N reimmobilization unlikely, or the fact that there was no crop growing during decomposition. Janzen and Radder (1989) reported lower net N mineralization of residues while a crop was growing and attributed this, in part, to enhanced N immobilization in the rhizosphere. Stems of mature cowpeas showed net N immobilization (Frankenberger and Abdelmagid, 1985), while in our study net N mineralization of 9 and 18% was observed for stems of 5-and 7-week old cowpeas, respectively, at 10 weeks.…”

Section: Nitrogen Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralization of labeled N from cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] plant parts at two growth stages in sandy soil

1994

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Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L). Walp.] has great potential as green manure due to its rapid N accumulation and efficient N 2 fixation. The objective of this study was to measure the rate of N mineralization from cowpea plant parts harvested at onset of flowering (5 weeks) and mid pod-fill (7 weeks) under near optimum conditions. Cowpeas were grown in a greenhouse and supplied with ~SNH415NO3 to isotopically label tissue. Cowpea leaves, stems, and roots were incorporated into a sandy soil (Psammentic Paleustalf) and net N mineralized was measured several times during a 10 week incubation. The amount of N accumulated in 7-week old cowpeas was more than double that in 5-week old cowpeas. The portion of N mineralized after 10 weeks was 24% for 5-week old cowpeas and 27% for 7-week old cowpeas. The rate of N mineralization from leaves and stems increased with plant age, but decreased for roots. The amount of N mineralized from 7-week old cowpeas was more than double (235%) that from 5-week old cowpeas due to greater N accumulation and a more rapid rate of N mineralization of the more mature cowpeas. The greatest amount of N was released from leaves, which amounted to 74 and 65% of total N mineralization from 5-and 7-week old cowpeas, respectively. The percentage of N mineralized by 10 weeks was linearly related to the tissue N concentration of the plant parts and to their C/N ratio. These relationships allow a quick estimation of the amount of N that would mineralize from cowpea residues incorporated into soil based on their N concentration or C/N ratio.

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“…Cover crops are traditionally incorporated into the soil with tillage, to facilitate and accelerate their decomposition and nutrient release. A number of studies have investigated the contribution of incorporated cover crop biomass as a source of N for the subsequent crop in farming systems (Janzen andRadder 1989, Cherr et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant species and mulch application rate affected decomposition of cover crop mulches used in organic rotational no-till systems

Halde

Entz

2016

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Decomposition of cover crop mulches has received little attention in the scientific literature, particularly in the context of the organic rotational no-till systems adapted for the climatic conditions of the northern Great Plains of Canada. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of plant species and mulch application rate on cover crop decomposition and mulch quality parameters over time. Using the litter bag technique, six plant species and two mulch application rates were tested twice in field studies at Carman, Manitoba, Canada. Among the plant species tested, decomposition was the fastest with oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and the slowest with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The effect of application rate on mulch biomass was not consistent between experiments. Mulches released a large amount (46.4%) of their initial N content after only 30 days of field placement, for all levels of plant species and mulch application rates combined. Forty-four percent of initial N content still remained in the mulches by early May (Day 250), and may be available for the subsequent crops seeded in the spring or later in the crop rotation. This research provides us with valuable information on nutrient release, soil cover, and potential weed control from mulches.Key words: cover crop mulch, decomposition, nitrogen, mulch application rate, organic farming.Résumé : Jusqu'à présent, la littérature scientifique a porté peu d'attention à la décomposition du paillis des cultures de couverture, surtout dans le contexte des systèmes agricoles en semis direct en régie biologique, adaptés aux conditions climatiques particulières des grandes plaines du nord du Canada. L'étude devait préciser les effets de l'espèce végétale et du taux de paillis sur la décomposition de la culture de couverture et les paramètres qualitatifs du paillis avec le temps. En recourant à la technique du sac à résidus, les auteurs ont testé six espèces de plantes et deux taux de paillis à deux reprises lors d'études sur le terrain réalisées à Carman, au Manitoba (Canada). Parmi les plantes testées, le radis (Raphanus sativus L.) est celle qui se décompose le plus vite, et l'orge (Hordeum vulgare L.), le plus lentement. Le taux de paillis n'a pas d'effet cohérent sur la biomasse du paillis d'une expérience à l'autre. Le paillis libère une grande partie (46,4 %) de son contenu d'azote 30 jours à peine après l'application au champ, peu importe l'espèce végétale et le taux de paillage. Quarante pour cent de la concentration initiale de N demeuraient dans le paillis au début de mai (après 205 jours) et pourraient étre disponibles pour les cultures subséquentes semées au printemps ou par la suite, dans les assolements. Ces travaux procurent des renseignements utiles la libération des éléments nutritifs, la protection du sol et la lutte contre les mauvaises herbes par les paillis. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : pallis de culture de couverture, décomposition, azote, taux de paillis, agriculture biologique.

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Nitrogen mineralization in a green manure-amended soil as influenced by cropping history and subsequent crop

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Compared cycling in a soil-plant system of pea and barley residue nitrogen

Compared cycling in a soil-plant system of pea and barley residue nitrogen

Mineralization of labeled N from cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] plant parts at two growth stages in sandy soil

Plant species and mulch application rate affected decomposition of cover crop mulches used in organic rotational no-till systems

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