Nitrogen modification of highly porous carbon for improved supercapacitor performance

Candelaria, Stephanie L.; García, Betzaida Batalla; Liu, Dawei; Cao, Guozhong

doi:10.1039/c2jm30923h

Cited by 223 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Common functional groups include amines, imines, amides, and imides [18,21]. Our recent report [42] concluded that nitrogen coated on the surface of the pores, rather than being incorporated into the bulk carbon network as heteroatoms, contributes the most to increasing capacitance. Despite similar nitrogen contents, samples with nitrogen on the surface outperform samples with nitrogen only in the bulk network.…”

Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…UC shows large peaks for carbon and oxygen, as well as small peaks for nitrogen and fluorine. Nitrogen is present due to the use of hexamine as the reactive catalyst during cyrogel synthesis, although much of the nitrogen is lost during pyrolysis at high temperature [22,42]. The fluorine peak is from the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binder used to prepare samples for measurement and will not be analyzed further as it has minimal effect on the performance of the material.…”

Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No nitrogen is detected in UC even though nitrogen-containing hexamine was used as the reactive catalyst during synthesis. When heated above 850°C, nitrogen is removed from carbon [22,42], so it is likely that most of the nitrogen is removed during pyrolysis at 900°C. As demonstrated with both HTMA-C and NC, modifying porous carbon with hexamine after pyrolysis and activation adds a fair amount of nitrogen.…”

Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To surface modify carbon with hexamine, a simple solution method was used, which was adapted from our previous reports [41,42]. Specifically, a solution of 4 wt.% hexamine in tert-butanol was stirred and heated at 80°C for several days.…”

Section: Experimental Section Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of surface and bulk nitrogen modification in highly porous carbon for enhanced supercapacitors

Uchaker

2015

Sci. China Mater.

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Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Section Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparison of surface and bulk nitrogen modification in highly porous carbon for enhanced supercapacitors

Uchaker

2015

Sci. China Mater.

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“…Among the more applicable and interesting studies (that pertain to VRFB) is the use of nitrogen modification on highly porous resorcinol-furaldehyde derived carbon for electrochemical supercapacitors by Candelaria et al [40]. In that work, introduction of nitrogen as a heteroatom into the bulk carbon and a more concentrated surface coating (4-fold compared with bulk concentration) was found to increase the capacitance via a combination of double layer formation and pseudocapacitive faradaic reactions, and more interestingly dramatic improvement of surface wetting behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of mesoporous carbon modified carbon felt for anode of all-vanadium redox flow battery

Schmidt

Cao

2016

Sci. China Mater.

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A novel anode material for all-vanadium redox flow battery was synthesized by dispersion coating of sol-gel processed (resorcinol-furaldehyde) mesoporous carbon (MPC) onto the surface of polyacrylonitrile carbon felt (CF). The coated samples were then annealed at 900°C and 1100°C and the subsequent morphology, surface chemistry, and electrochemical properties of the MPC coated CF were characterized and compared with an uncoated CF. Addition of the MPC coating is shown to dramatically increase surface area while also increasing the number of active surface oxygen groups particularly for samples annealed at 1100°C. MPC coating shows a mixed effect on electrochemical properties. Characterization with cyclic voltammetry reveals the introduction of MPC coating provides roughly 30% increase in peak current density for the oxidation and reduction reactions of the V(IV)/V(V ) redox couple, which is attributed to the significantly increased number of active reaction sites. However, MPC coating seems to be accompanied by a reduction in conductivity as demonstrated by increased redox peak separation and charge transfer resistance. This negative effect on conductivity can be mitigated by heat treatment (at or above 1100°C) which improves surface graphitization reducing redox peak separation and charge transfer resistance such that it is comparable with uncoated samples.

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Structure and Electrochemical Performance of Carbide‐Derived Carbon Nanopowders

Pérez

Yeon

Ségalini

et al. 2012

Adv Funct Materials

170

114

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Microporous carbon materials are widely used in gas storage, sorbents, supercapacitor electrodes, water desalination, and catalyst supports. While these microporous carbons usually have a particle size in the 1–100 μm range, here the synthesis of porous carbide‐derived carbon (CDC) with particle diameters around 30 nm by extraction of titanium from nanometer‐sized titanium carbide (TiC) powder at temperatures of 200 °C and above is reported. Nanometer‐sized CDCs prepared at 200–400 °C show a disordered structure and the presence of CN sp1 bonds. Above 400 °C, the CN bond disappears with the structure transition to disordered carbon similar to that observed after synthesis from carbide micropowders. Compared to CDCs produced from micrometer‐sized TiC, nano‐CDC has a broader pore size distribution due to interparticle porosity and a large contribution from the surface layers. The material shows excellent electrochemical performance due to its easily accessible pores and a large specific surface area.

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Nitrogen modification of highly porous carbon for improved supercapacitor performance

Cited by 223 publications

References 24 publications

Comparison of surface and bulk nitrogen modification in highly porous carbon for enhanced supercapacitors

Comparison of surface and bulk nitrogen modification in highly porous carbon for enhanced supercapacitors

Properties of mesoporous carbon modified carbon felt for anode of all-vanadium redox flow battery

Structure and Electrochemical Performance of Carbide‐Derived Carbon Nanopowders

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