Nitrogen Nutrition of Fruit Trees to Reconcile Productivity and Environmental Concerns

Carranca, Corina; Brunetto, Gustavo; Tagliavini, Massimo

doi:10.3390/plants7010004

Cited by 124 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In California, the estimated tree demand is 60 to 112 kg N ha −1 year −1 [29], and in Israel, the annual recommendation for growers is 200 kg N ha-1 [23]. The Californian and Israeli values are similar, as fruit trees grown under field conditions are known to consume less than 55% of the N supplied in fertilization [30], which means low N efficiency and high waste. Several recent studies have dealt with the effect of N on pomegranate growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Nitrogen Application for Growth and Productivity of Pomegranates

et al. 2020

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Quantification of actual plant consumption of nitrogen (N) is necessary to optimize fertilization efficiency and minimize contamination of earth resources. We examined the performance of fruit-bearing pomegranate trees grown in soilless media and exposed to eight N-fertigation treatments, from 5 to 200 mg N L−1. Reproductive and vegetative indices were found to be optimal when 20 to 70 mg N L−1 was supplied. Nitrogen application levels over 70 mg L−1 reduced pomegranate development and reproduction. N uptake in low-level treatments was almost 100% and decreased gradually, down to 13% in 200 mg N L−1 treatment. N usage efficiency was maximized under 20 mg N L−1, in which case 80% to 90% of added N was taken up by the trees. At high N application, its efficiency was reduced with less than 50% utilized by the trees. Leaf N increased to a plateau as a function of increasing irrigation solution N, maximizing at ~15 to 20 mg N g−1. Therefore, analysis of diagnostic leaves is not a valid method to identify excessive detrimental N. The results should be valuable in the development of efficient, sustainable, environmentally responsible protocols for N fertilization in commercial pomegranate orchards, following adaptation and validation to real soil field conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Nitrogen Application for Growth and Productivity of Pomegranates

et al. 2020

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“…In almonds, nitrogen (N) is one macronutrient required in large amounts (Muhammad et al 2018) since it is vital for the growth of fruiting wood and for fruit growth and development (Geisseler and Horwath n.d.). Nitrogen is involved in the synthesis of many organic compounds, such as amino acids, proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids (Carranca et al 2018). It is linked to photosynthetic capacity and carbon fixation (Khalsa et al 2017), it participates in cell division and growth of young tissues (Carranca et al 2018), and it is especially important during flowering and fruit set (Brown and Uriu 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrogen is involved in the synthesis of many organic compounds, such as amino acids, proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids (Carranca et al 2018). It is linked to photosynthetic capacity and carbon fixation (Khalsa et al 2017), it participates in cell division and growth of young tissues (Carranca et al 2018), and it is especially important during flowering and fruit set (Brown and Uriu 1996). Crop yield largely depends on the availability and accessibility of N in the soil (Grzebisz 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Soil and Foliar Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Rainfed Almond Tree Performance

Morais

Aires

Barreales

et al. 2020

J Soil Sci Plant Nutr

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Cultivation of almond in the Mediterranean region is traditionally done under rainfed conditions and poorly established cropping practices resulting in low yields. Despite the importance of nitrogen (N) fertilization to increase yield in cultivated species, this practice is usually neglected in rainfed managed almond orchards. Selection of the most appropriate rate and method of nitrogen (N) application are utmost factors to maximize almond yield in the considered conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand how soil and foliar N fertilization affect physiological and biochemical performance, almond yield, and fruit quality of almond trees grown under rainfed conditions. A 3-year experiment comprised four soil-applied N rates (0, 25, 50, and 100 kg ha −1) with and without 0.5% foliar N application of urea during the growing season, which was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Nitrogen soil fertilization did not influence the leaf gas exchange parameters and the content of photosynthetic pigments but significantly improved almond yield. There were no particular advantages in foliar fertilization. Soil application of small doses of fertilizer (e.g., 25 kg N ha −1) per year was optimal for maintaining appropriate physiological behavior of almond trees under the conditions in which the experiment was carried out, without compromise almond yield and fruit quality. Thus, the annual application at 25 kg N ha −1 enables substantial reduction of almond production costs being a positive contribution to environment-friendly farming practices.

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“…Nitrogen fertilization is an important tool to increase orchard yield (CARRANCA et al, 2018). However, the importance of this nutrient has led to a great increase in fertilizer use; for example, in 2010, global use was more than one hundred million metric tons of nitrogen fertilizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in leaf nutrient content and quality of pear fruits by biofertilizer application in northeastern Italy

Perazzoli¹,

Pauletti

Quartieri

et al. 2020

Rev. Bras. Frutic.

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The aim of this study was to verify the influence of biofertilizer application resulting from energy production from corn biomass on nutrient uptake by pear plants during the growing cycle, and on fruit quality. The experiment was carried out on a Siltic Haplic Calcisol in the Italian province of Ferrara, in a medium-density Abbé Fétel commercial orchard. Treatments consisted of control (no application) and biofertilizer (30 m3 ha-1 biofertilizer application on the row), with four replicates. The following variables were evaluated: mineral N, microbial biomass and respiration in soil; nutrient content in leaves; and fruit quality. Biofertilizer application increased soil mineral N availability; soil microbial biomass and respiration, but the content of this nutrient did not increase in leaves. Leaf nutrient concentration varied during growth season and biofertilizer application increased potassium, phosphorus and zinc concentration in mature leaves and reduced leaf magnesium and manganese concentration. Biofertilizer application reduced fruit dry matter content, total soluble solids and boron concentration, with no effect on fruit firmness and titratable acidity. Biofertilizer application has positive effect on soil mineral N dynamics and soil microflora, altering the content of nutrients in leaves, favoring fruit production.

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Nitrogen Nutrition of Fruit Trees to Reconcile Productivity and Environmental Concerns

Cited by 124 publications

References 47 publications

Optimizing Nitrogen Application for Growth and Productivity of Pomegranates

Optimizing Nitrogen Application for Growth and Productivity of Pomegranates

Combined Soil and Foliar Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Rainfed Almond Tree Performance

Changes in leaf nutrient content and quality of pear fruits by biofertilizer application in northeastern Italy

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