Nitrogen oxides emission from two beech forests subjected to different nitrogen loads

Kitzler, Barbara; Zechmeister‐Boltenstern, Sophie; Holtermann, Christian; Skiba, U.; Butterbach‐Bahl, Klaus

doi:10.5194/bg-3-293-2006

Cited by 89 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The site AB5, with high emissions, was located close to a fur farm. The long lasting extra nitrogen deposition from the farm could result in a higher nitrate availability in soil and thus higher N 2 O emissions (Kitzler et al 2006). However, the measured N-deposition during years 2003-2004 was not statistically higher in AB5 than in the other AB sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Afforestation does not necessarily reduce nitrous oxide emissions from managed boreal peat soils

Maljanen

Shurpali

Hytönen³

et al. 2011

Biogeochemistry

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Pristine peatlands have generally low nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions but drainage and management practices enhance the microbial processes and associated N 2 O emissions. It is assumed that leaving peat soils from intensive management, such as agriculture, will decrease their N 2 O emissions. In this paper we report how the annual N 2 O emission rates will change when agricultural peat soil is either left abandoned or afforested and also N 2 O emissions from afforested peat extraction sites. In addition, we evaluated a biogeochemical model (DNDC) with a view to explaining GHG emissions from peat soils under different land uses. The abandoned agricultural peat soils had lower mean annual N 2 O emissions (5.5 ± 5.4 kg N ha -1 ) than the peat soils in active agricultural use in Finland. Surprisingly, N 2 O emissions from afforested organic agricultural soils (12.8 ± 9.4 kg N ha -1 ) were similar to those from organic agricultural soils in active use. These emissions were much higher than those from the forests on nutrient rich peat soils. Abandoned and afforested peat extraction sites emitted more N 2 O, (2.4 ± 2.1 kg N ha -1 ), than the areas under active peat extraction (0.7 ± 0.5 kg N ha -1 ). Emissions outside the growing season contributed significantly, 40% on an average, to the annual emissions. The DNDC model overestimated N 2 O emission rates during the growing season and indicated no emissions during winter. The differences in the N 2 O emission rates were not associated with the age of the land use change,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Afforestation does not necessarily reduce nitrous oxide emissions from managed boreal peat soils

Maljanen

Shurpali

Hytönen³

et al. 2011

Biogeochemistry

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“…N 2 O emissions from the soil can be assumed negligible at our sites but N 2 emissions could potentially be substantial. Kitzler et al (2006) found only very low N 2 O (<0.5 Nkg/ha/year) and N 2 emissions (2.2 Nkg/ ha/year) at a comparable forest on carbonate bedrock. Much higher N 2 emission from carbonatic soils was reported by Jandl et al (2008) in a modeling study.…”

Section: Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Nitrogen Leaching of Two Forest Ecosystems in a Karst Watershed

Jost

Dirnböck

Grabner

et al. 2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Karst watersheds are a major source of drinking water in the European Alps. These watersheds exhibit quick response times and low residence times, which might make karst aquifers more vulnerable to elevated nitrogen (N) deposition than nonkarst watersheds. We summarize 13 years of monitoring NO 3 − , NH 4 + , and total N in two forest ecosystems, a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forest on Cambisols/Stagnosols (IP I) and a mixed beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) spruce forest on Leptosols (IP II). N fluxes are calculated by multiplying concentrations, measured in biweekly intervals, with hydrological fluxes predicted from a hydrological model. The total N deposition in the throughfall amounts to 26.8 and 21.1 kg/ha/year in IP I and IP II, respectively, which is high compared to depositions found in other European forest ecosystems. While the shallow Leptosols at IP II accumulated on average 9.2 kg/ha/year of N between 1999 and 2006, the N budgets of the Cambisols/Stagnosols at IP I were equaled over the study period but show high inter-annual variation. Between 1999 and 2006, on average, 9 kg/ha/year of DON and 20 kg/ha/year of DIN were output with seepage water of IP I but only 4.5 kg/ha/year of DON and 7.7 kg/ha/year of DIN at IP II. Despite high DIN leaching, neither IP I nor IP II showed further signs of N saturation in their organic layer C/N ratios, N mineralization, or leaf N content. The N budget over all years was dominated by a few extreme output events. Nitrate leaching rates at both forest ecosystems correlated the most with years of above average snow accumulation (but only for IP I this correlation is statistically significant). Both snow melt and total annual precipitation were most important drivers of DON leaching. IP I and IP II showed comparable temporal patterns of both concentrations and flux rates but exhibited differences in magnitudes: DON, NO 3 − , and NH 4 + inputs peak in spring, NH 4 + showed an additional peak in autumn; the bulk of the annual NO 3 − and DON output occurred in spring; DON, NO 3 − , and NH 4 + output rates during winter months were low. The high DIN leaching at IP I was related to snow cover effects on N mineralization and soil hydrology. From the year 2004 onwards, disproportional NO 3 − leaching occurred at both plots. This was possibly caused by the exceptionally dry year 2003 and a small-scale bark beetle infestation (at IP I), in addition to snow cover effects. This study shows that both forest ecosystems Water Air Soil Pollut (2011) 218:633-649

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“…After gas sampling, the test tubes were opened again, soils were quantitatively retrieved, homogenized and prepared for further analyses. Gas samples were analysed within 48h as described by Kitzler et al (2006b) by automated headspace gas chromatography. Briefly, the GC was equipped with a 63Ni electron capture detector to quantify N 2 O concentrations and a flame ionization detector and a methanizer to quantify CO 2 and CH 4 concentrations.…”

Section: Measurement Of Gas Fluxes and Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A cost-effective high-throughput microcosm system for studying nitrogen dynamics at the plant-microbe-soil interface

Inselsbacher

Ripka

Klaubauf³

et al. 2008

Plant Soil

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In the present study a new microcosm system was evaluated for its suitability to investigate nitrogen dynamics between soils, plants and microbes. Five different agricultural soils were homogenized and transferred in the test tubes, and kept under controlled conditions in a climate chamber for 4weeks. Soils differed clearly in nitrogen pools and microbial population structures but less in their activities. Bacterial and fungal community compositions and soil properties, except gross N transformation rates, remained stable and reproducible during the test period in all soils. 15 N tracer studies showed that N uptake patterns of barley as well as plant growth were linear in the initial growth period. Overall, the presented microcosm system proved to be a powerful tool to elucidate N pathways in soil-plant-microbe systems. In future studies the microcosm system may greatly help generating new insights in the complex processes and controls of nitrogen biogeochemical cycle in agricultural systems.

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Nitrogen oxides emission from two beech forests subjected to different nitrogen loads

Cited by 89 publications

References 58 publications

Afforestation does not necessarily reduce nitrous oxide emissions from managed boreal peat soils

Afforestation does not necessarily reduce nitrous oxide emissions from managed boreal peat soils

Nitrogen Leaching of Two Forest Ecosystems in a Karst Watershed

A cost-effective high-throughput microcosm system for studying nitrogen dynamics at the plant-microbe-soil interface

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