Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Organic Carbon Pools in Natural and Transplanted Marsh Soils

Craft, Christopher; Broome, Stephen W.; Seneca, Ernest D.

doi:10.2307/1352014

Cited by 133 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Table 3. Soil bulk density, organic C, total N, total P, C : N, and N : P (0-30 cm depth) of freshwater-dominated (Altamaha River) versus marine-dominated marshes (Doboy Sound, Sapelo River Soil N, which exists mostly (95%) in organic matter (Craft et al 1991), and N accumulation also were two and three times greater, respectively, in freshwater-dominated marshes of the Altamaha River than in marshes of Doboy Sound and Sapelo River (Table 3; Fig. 3b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater input structures soil properties, vertical accretion, and nutrient accumulation of Georgia and U.S tidal marshes

Craft

2007

Limnology & Oceanography

282

186

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To identify relationships between freshwater input and marsh soil properties, measurements of bulk density, nutrients (carbon [C], nitrogen [N], phosphorus [P]), accretion, and accumulation were compared in tidal marshes of three estuaries of Georgia that varied in delivery of freshwater. Soil organic C and N (0-30 cm) were two times greater in marshes of the freshwater-dominated Altamaha River than in the salt marshes of Doboy Sound and Sapelo River. 137 Cs accretion and accumulation of organic C and N were three to five times greater in freshwaterdominated marshes than in salt marshes. The patterns observed in Georgia marshes were geographically general; data for tidal freshwater and brackish marsh soils compiled from 61 studies in the conterminous United States showed lower bulk density and higher percent organic C and N than salt marshes, regardless of geographic region. Salinity, a proxy for freshwater input, was inversely correlated with percent soil organic C and N and with vertical accretion in Georgia marshes and in marshes elsewhere in the conterminous United States. There was no relationship between above-or belowground emergent plant production and salinity of Georgia marshes but the rate of root decomposition was positively related to salinity, and decomposition rate was negatively related to percent soil organic C and C accumulation. In Georgia tidal marshes and elsewhere, soil organic matter content and accumulation are mediated by freshwater through its effects on decomposition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater input structures soil properties, vertical accretion, and nutrient accumulation of Georgia and U.S tidal marshes

Craft

2007

Limnology & Oceanography

282

186

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“…Such variability should also be expected in the relative value of created marshes in relation to natural marshes. For example, the rate of sediment development in created marshes (based on organic content and benthic infaunal organisms), may be more rapid in Texas (Lindau & Hossner 1981, Minello & Zimmerman 1992) than on the Southeast Coast of the United States (Cammen 1975, Craft et al 1988, Sacco 1989, Craft et al 1991, LaSalle et al 1991, Sacco et al 1994). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of natural and created Spartina alterniflora salt marshes by fishery species and other aquatic fauna in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA

Minello¹,

Jw²

1997

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

133

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We compared densities of nekton and infauna among 5 natural and 10 created (3 to 15 yr in age) salt marshes ~n the Galveston Bay system of Texas to test whether these marshes were funct~onally equivalent. Decapod crustaceans dominated the nekton on the marsh surface during both the spnng and the fall. Densltles of daggerblade grass shrlmp Palaemonetes pugio, the most abundant decapod, were not signif~cantly d~fferent among marshes, but the size of these s h r~m p In created marshes was significantly smaller than in natural marshes Densit~es of the marsh grass shrlmp Palaen~o n e t e s vulgar~s and of 3 commerc~ally-~mportant crustaceans (white shrimp Penaeus setlferus, brown shrimp Peoaeus aztecus, and blue crab Calllnectes s a p~d u s ) were slgniflcantly lower In created marshes than ~n natural marshes. Gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus were the most abundant fish collected, mainly on nonvegetated bottom adjacent to marsh habitats. Fish densities within vegetation (predominantly gobies and pinfish Lagodon rhornbo~des) were significantly lower in created marshes than in natural marshes. Natural and created marshes, however, did not differ in species richness of nekton. Sediment macro-organlc matter and density and species richness of macroinfauna (mainly polychaete worms) were all signif~cantly lower in created marshes than natural marshes. There was a posit~ve relationship in created marshes between marsh age and sediment macro-organ~c matter, but marsh age was not related to nekton densities. Natural marshes were similar in having low elevations and flooding durations between 74 and 80% of the year, while created marshes were flooded from 43 to 91 % of the time. In contrast to marsh age, tidal floodlng was often related to nekton dens~tles in marsh habitats. We conclude that marsh elevation and tidal flooding are key characterist~cs affecting use by nekton and should be considered in marsh construction projects.

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“…Because of its importance as an indicator of biogeochemical processing, the status of soil organic matter accumulation has become an important consideration in assessing the success of wetland restoration projects (Craft et al 1988(Craft et al , 1999. It is generally assumed that organic matter levels will increase with time of recovery in restored wetlands (Craft et al 1988(Craft et al , 1999 and that, initially, organic matter levels are lower in restored or created wetlands than in natural (control) wetlands (Bischel-Machung et al 1996, Shaffer & Ernst 1999. In the present study, we found that this simple relationship does not adequately describe soil organic matter content in control versus managed swamps; RIM swamps had more than twice as much soil organic matter than both control and restored (breached-RIM) mangals (Table 3).…”

Section: Soil Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of mangrove swamps managed for mosquito control in eastern Florida, USA

Middleton

Devlin²,

Proffitt³

et al. 2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Manipulations of the vegetation and hydrology of wetlands for mosquito control are common worldwide, but these modifications may affect vital ecosystem processes. To control mosquitoes in mangrove swamps in eastern Florida, managers have used rotational impoundment management (RIM) as an alternative to the worldwide practice of mosquito ditching. Levees surround RIM swamps, and water is pumped into the impoundment during the summer, a season when natural swamps have low water levels. In the New World, these mosquito-managed swamps resemble the mixed basin type of mangrove swamp (based on PCA analysis). An assessment was made of RIM, natural (control), and breached-RIM (restored) swamps in eastern Florida to compare their structural complexities, soil development, and resistance to invasion. Regarding structural complexity, dominant species composition differed between these swamps; the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle occurred at a higher relative density in RIM and breached-RIM swamps, and the black mangrove Avicennia germinans had a higher relative density in natural swamps. Tree density and canopy cover were higher and tree height lower in RIM swamps than in natural and breached-RIM swamps. Soil organic matter in RIM swamps was twice that in natural or breached-RIM swamps. RIM swamps had a lower resistance to invasion by the Brazilian pepper tree Schinus terebinthifolius, which is likely attributable to the lower porewater salinity in RIM swamps. These characteristics may reflect differences in important ecosystem processes (primary production, trophic structure, nutrient cycling, decomposition). Comparative assessments of managed wetlands are vital for land managers, so that they can make informed decisions compatible with conservation objectives.

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Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Organic Carbon Pools in Natural and Transplanted Marsh Soils

Cited by 133 publications

References 26 publications

Freshwater input structures soil properties, vertical accretion, and nutrient accumulation of Georgia and U.S tidal marshes

Freshwater input structures soil properties, vertical accretion, and nutrient accumulation of Georgia and U.S tidal marshes

Use of natural and created Spartina alterniflora salt marshes by fishery species and other aquatic fauna in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA

Characteristics of mangrove swamps managed for mosquito control in eastern Florida, USA

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