Nitrogen/phosphorus co-doped carbon decorated with metallic zinc for high-performance potassium-ion batteries

Abstract

Carbonaceous anodes of potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) hold sluggish adsorption and diffusion kinetics due to the large radius of K+, leading to poor cyclic stability and low specific capacity. Herein, an amorphous carbon material composed of N/P-doped active sites and trace amount of metallic zinc (Zn-NPC) is prepared through a facile self-sacrificing template method. Both experimental data and theoretical calculations indicate the co-doping of metallic zinc, and N/P atoms contribute to the low charge transfer impedance, high electronic conductivity, significant adsorption behavior, and remarkable diffusion kinetics of K+ ions. As a result, Zn-NPC anode delivers high capacity of 300.1 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1, and superior cycle performance with a reversible capacity of 196.1 mA h g−1 after 1400 cycles at 200 mA g−1. This work will open window for the doping strategy of carbon material and facilitate the practical application of PIBs in the energy storage field.

Multi-Channel Engineering of 3D Printed Zincophilic Anodes for Ultrahigh-Capacity and Dendrite-Free Quasi-Solid-State Zinc-Ion Microbatteries

“…In the O 1s spectrum (Figure S2b), the 535.8 and 532.5 eV peaks were assigned to C−O and C�O bonds, respectively. 35,36 The results exactly revealed the existence of NHCs. The BET measurement was conducted (Figure S3), which showed that specific surface area values substantially increased during the synthesis process of NHCs.…”

“…To verify the elemental composition of NHCs, XPS was performed (Figures c and S2). The N 1s peaks 398.5, 400.6, and 401.5 eV were assigned to the pyridine-N, pyrrolic-N, and graphitic-N, respectively. − In the C 1s spectrum (Figure S2a), the peaks indicated the existence of C–C, CO, and C–N bonds. In the O 1s spectrum (Figure S2b), the 535.8 and 532.5 eV peaks were assigned to C–O and CO bonds, respectively. , The results exactly revealed the existence of NHCs.…”

“…The N 1s peaks 398.5, 400.6, and 401.5 eV were assigned to the pyridine-N, pyrrolic-N, and graphitic-N, respectively. − In the C 1s spectrum (Figure S2a), the peaks indicated the existence of C–C, CO, and C–N bonds. In the O 1s spectrum (Figure S2b), the 535.8 and 532.5 eV peaks were assigned to C–O and CO bonds, respectively. , The results exactly revealed the existence of NHCs. The BET measurement was conducted (Figure S3), which showed that specific surface area values substantially increased during the synthesis process of NHCs.…”

Advances in flexible zinc–air batteries: working principles, preparation of key components, and electrode configuration design

“…42 Moreover, their catalytic activity can be further improved by doping with heteroatoms (N, P, S, B and F) and morphology adjustment. 43 The former can increase the intrinsic activity by introducing more active sites. The latter can enhance the external performance by enlarging the reaction area.…”

Unveiling the Synergy of Architecture and Anion Vacancy on Bi2Te3–x@NPCNFs for Fast and Stable Potassium Ion Storage

“…Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have been considered for the application in the next generation of large-scale energy storage systems owing to their similar operating mechanism to lithium-ion batteries as well as the low cost and abundant resources of K. − However, the large radius of K + (K + : 1.38 Å vs Li + : 0.76 Å) often leads to slow diffusion kinetics and collapse of the electrode structure during the potassiation/depotassiation processes, which is impeding the development of PIBs for practical applications. − Therefore, exploring structurally stable electrode materials with fast kinetics is important to accelerating the commercialization of high-performance PIBs.…”