Over the past few years we have been seeing the widespread introduction of new or more stringent nutrient removal requirements for water reclamation plants across North America and indeed globally. While the environmental benefits of reducing nutrient discharges to water bodies is recognized, it is not without its challenges from the perspective of increased energy, chemical, space and labor demands, all of which contribute to increased carbon footprint, greenhouse gas emissions and rate payer impacts.In an effort to realize a more sustainable future, many facilities are evaluating more innovative and advanced processes to meet their environmental goals while also reducing energy and chemical demands / increasing energy recovery. An international collaborative research team from the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority (DC Water), Washington DC, the Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD), Virginia, and the Achental-Inntal-Zillerta Waterboard (AIZ), Austria are among those that have developed a "road map" for a more sustainable nutrient removal plant and together, they are evaluating at bench, pilot and full scale, innovative strategies for: 1. energy and chemical reduction through the use of mainstream deammonification and / or nitritation / denitritation (hereinafter referred to as nitrite shunt) 2. enhanced energy recovery by capture and redirection the influent wastewater carbon to an advanced anaerobic digestion system with the use of chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) and high rate activated sludge (HRAS) bio-sorption processes.This paper will focus three things: 1. Benchmarking the energy benefits for mainstream deammonification / nitrite shunt in the context of a large BNR plant, using Blue Plains AWTF as a case study. 2. Summarize the key process considerations and control strategies to support the successful implementation of mainstream deammonification / nitrite shunt based on the work performed to date by this team 3. Present some practical design and engineering concepts as to how mainstream deammonification / nitrite shunt may be incorporated into a full scale facility.While there is still extensive research ongoing into this topic, much has been learned over the past year and, given that many plants are currently in the process of planning their nutrient removal upgrades, the team thought that it was important to share the best available knowledge with regard to mainstream deammonification / nitrite shunt at this time so that ongoing or imminent design efforts could incorporate the flexibility (or at least would not preclude the opportunity) to upgrade to mainstream deammonification / nitrite shunt in the future.
Energy Benchmarking & the Road Map for Energy OptimizationIn recent years, the success of Strass WWTP in becoming not only energy neutral but indeed and energy positive BNR facility has fired the imagination and determination of many facilities across the globe to follow suit (WERF 2009). Often North American wastewater treatment plants have more dilute influent wastew...