Nitrogen Retranslocation Response of Young <i>Picea mariana</i> to Nitrogen‐15 Supply

Salifu, K. Francis; Timmer, V. R.

doi:10.2136/sssaj2003.3090

Cited by 56 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Total reliance on internal N cycling for leaf growth observed in unfertilized red oak seedlings (Tab. II) affirms the importance of retranslocation to meet N demands in newly established seedlings concurring with results noted for conifer seedlings [48]. Higher N retranslocation in control compared with fertilized seedlings may indicate increased nutrient use efficiency to sustain nutritional demands for leaf growth.…”

Section: Growth and Retranslocation Responsesupporting

confidence: 83%

“…We used stable isotope 15 N as our nitrogen source for the fertilized treatment, supplied with irrigation as ( 15 NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 enriched to 5 atoms % 15 N (34-0-0, ISOTEC Inc., USA). Transplanted seedlings were either unfertilized (controls; received 0 kg N ha −1 ) or fertilized (at 200 kg N ha −1 ) equivalent to 0.86 g N plant −1 based on the weight of sand in our pots in relation to silvicultural prescriptions under field conditions [3,48]. Chelated (EDTA 55%) micro-elements were supplied in the irrigation at the rate of 0.08 g L −1 and phosphorus (P) supplemented by KH 2 P 2 O 5 (0-52-34, Plant Products Co Ltd., Brampton, Ontario, Canada) at the rate of 30 kg P ha −1.…”

Section: Greenhouse Transplanting Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current 15 N uptake from the soil or N derived from fertilizer (NF) was computed from Equation (1) and retranslocation or unlabelled N derived from plant (NP) was calculated from Equation (2) [35,45,48]. …”

Section: Calculations and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrogen retranslocation from old tissues is a key mechanism of N reuse to support new growth in evergreen conifers [39,48]. By labeling current uptake with the stable isotope 15 N, it is possible to directly quantify the proportional contribution of retranslocation or N derived from plant (NP), which is differentiated from the isotopic 15 N derived from applied fertilizer (NF) in new growth of conifer seedlings [35,39,48]. The importance and proportional contributions of NF compared with NP in sinks of new growth has yet to be determined in temperate deciduous forest tree species such as northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth, physiology, and nutrient retranslocation in nitrogen-15 fertilized Quercus rubra seedlings

et al. 2008

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-We evaluated gas exchange, chlorophyll index (CI) using SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter, and leaf nutritional responses in one-year-old northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) container seedlings transplanted into control (unfertilized) or fertilized (0.86 g N plant −1 ) sand culture and grown in a greenhouse for 90 days. We labeled current nitrogen (N) uptake with ( 15 NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and directly quantified proportional contributions of N derived from fertilizer (NF) compared with retranslocation or N derived from plant (NP) in leaf growth of red oak seedlings. NF met a greater N demand in leaf growth of fertilized plants while unfertilized seedlings relied entirely on NP for their leaf growth. Fertilization increased leaf dry mass by 67% and new stem dry mass by 253% 90 days after transplanting compared to control seedlings. Specific leaf area (SLA) was not significantly altered but CI increased 90 days after transplanting. Higher leaf N concentration and content in fertilized compared with control seedlings was linked to greater chlorophyll concentrations in the former plants. The higher coefficient of determination (r 2 = 0.72) noted between leaf N concentrations and CI suggests that the SPAD meter could be a useful tool for assessing leaf N status in northern red oak seedlings. Fertilized seedlings exhibited higher net assimilation, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates compared with controls. Increased seedling growth in response to fertilization was related to maintenance of higher gas exchange and greater nutrient uptake, which could improve outplanting success. fertilization / gas exchange / northern red oak / nitrogen / photosynthesis / retranslocation / SPAD meter Résumé -Croissance, échanges gazeux et réponses nutritionnelles de jeunes semis de Quercus rubra soumis à une fertilisation par ( 15 NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . Nous avons estimé les échanges gazeux foliaires, un index de teneurs en chlorophylles (IC) avec un chlorophylle-mètre SPAD-502 et les teneurs en nutriments dans les feuilles de jeunes plants de chêne rouge d'Amérique (Quercus rubra L.) âgés d'un an. Les plants ont été transplantés dans du substrat sableux non fertilisé (témoins) ou fertilisé avec 0.86 g N par plante, et cultivés pendant 90 jours sous serre. L'azote apporté par la fertilisation était marqué avec ( 15 NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 et nous avons directement quantifié les contributions à la croissance foliaire de N apporté par la fertilisation (NF) par rapport à celle de N remobilisé depuis les pools de réserve de la plante (NP). NF constituait la fraction la plus importante d'azote foliaire de plants fertilisés, alors que l'azote foliaire des plants non fertilisés était exclusivement constitué de NP. La fertilisation s'est traduite par une augmentation, par rapport aux plantes témoins, de 67 % de la biomasse foliaire et de 253 % de la biomasse de tiges nouvellement formées 90 jours après la transplantation. La surface spécifique des feuilles n'était pas affectée par la fertilisation alors que CI avait significativement augmenté. Des teneur...

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Section: Growth and Retranslocation Responsesupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Greenhouse Transplanting Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calculations and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth, physiology, and nutrient retranslocation in nitrogen-15 fertilized Quercus rubra seedlings

et al. 2008

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“…Excess fertilization (e) may induce toxicity, often indicated by decreased plant growth and N content but elevated tissue N concentration. Higher internal nutrient reserves acquired during nutrient loading have correlated well with improved field performance of seedlings [28,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Characterizing fertility targets and multi-element interactions in nursery culture ofQuercus rubraseedlings

Salifu

Jacobs

2006

Ann. For. Sci.

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-We quantified and characterized fertility targets for nursery culture of container northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings. Plants were supplied with a 15N-5P 2 O 5 -15K 2 O fertilizer at eight rates ranging from 0-150 mg N plant -1 and reared for 18 wk in a greenhouse. Plant growth and nutritional response to increased fertilization followed a curvilinear pattern depicting phases that ranged from deficiency to toxicity. Seedling dry mass production was maximized at sufficiency (25 mg N plant -1 season -1 ) while optimum N and P uptake occurred at 100 mg N plant -1 season -1 . The 150 mg N plant -1 seasonal dose rate induced N and P toxicity, but resulted in antagonistic K interaction. Nutrient loading raised plant N and P contents by 27 and 55%. This new approach demonstrates promise to help refine fertility targets for nursery production of Q. rubra planting stock and may have application to other hardwood species or cultural systems.antagonistic interaction / exponential fertilization / growth / luxury uptake / northern red oak / vector diagnosis Résumé -Caractérisation des objectifs de fertilité et des interactions multiéléments chez des semis de Quercus rubra cultivés en pépinière. Des objectifs de fertilité ont été quantifiés et caractérisés pour des semis de chêne rouge d'Amérique (Quercus rubra L.) cultivés en pépinière. Les semis ont été alimentés avec un engrais 15N-5P2O5-15K2O selon huit taux de 0-150 mg N plant -1 et ont poussés pendant 18 semaines dans une serre. La croissance des semis, leur réponse nutritionnelle à un accroissement de la fertilisation a suivi un modèle curvilinéaire décrivant des phases rangées depuis la carence jusqu'à la toxicité. La production en matière sèche des semis a été maximale à la dose suffisante correspondant à 25 mg N plant -1 saison -1 , tandis que l'optimum de consommation s'est situé à 100 mg N plant -1 saison -1 . La dose saisonnière de 150 mg N plant -1 a induit une toxicité N et P, mais il en est résulté une interaction antagoniste avec K. Le prélèvement de nutriments par les plants a augmenté le contenu en N et P de 27 % et 55 %. Cette nouvelle approche démontre la possibilité d'espérer perfectionner les objectifs de fertilité pour une production en pépinière de plants de Quercus rubra et peuvent avoir une application pour d'autres espèces feuillues et d'autres systèmes culturaux. interaction antagoniste / fertilisation exponentielle / croissance / consommation de luxe / chêne rouge / vecteur diagnose

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Is wood pre‐treatment essential for tree‐ring nitrogen concentration and isotope analysis?

Doucet

Savard

Bégin

et al. 2011

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Tree-ring nitrogen concentrations and isotope ratios (δ(15)N) are gaining in popularity for environmental research although their use is still debated because of nitrogen mobility in tree stems. Modern studies generally present results on wood that is pre-treated to remove soluble nitrogen compounds and to minimize the impact of radial translocation on tree-ring nitrogen environmental records. However, the necessity to use such pre-treatment has never been fully assessed. Here we compare the nitrogen concentrations and δ(15)N values of two wood preparation protocols applied to beech and red spruce tree rings for the removal of soluble compounds from ring pairs with non pre-treated tree rings. For both tree species, pre-treatment did not minimize the radial patterns of tree-ring nitrogen concentrations and the increasing concentration trends that are coincident with the heartwood-sapwood boundary. Therefore, even if the tree-ring nitrogen concentrations are slightly modified by pre-treatment, these concentrations are considered to reflect internal stem processes rather than environmental conditions in both species. The δ(15)N values were similar for untreated and pre-treated ring pairs, suggesting that wood pre-treatment did not substantially change the δ(15)N values and temporal trends in ring series. In addition, tree-ring δ(15)N series of untreated and pre-treated wood did not show any sign of influence of the heartwood-sapwood boundary in either tree species, indicating that nitrogen translocation did not generate significant isotopic fractionation. We therefore suggest that untreated ring δ(15)N values of beech and red spruce trees can be used for environmental research.

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Nitrogen Retranslocation Response of Young Picea mariana to Nitrogen‐15 Supply

Cited by 56 publications

References 43 publications

Growth, physiology, and nutrient retranslocation in nitrogen-15 fertilized Quercus rubra seedlings

Growth, physiology, and nutrient retranslocation in nitrogen-15 fertilized Quercus rubra seedlings

Characterizing fertility targets and multi-element interactions in nursery culture ofQuercus rubraseedlings

Is wood pre‐treatment essential for tree‐ring nitrogen concentration and isotope analysis?

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