Nitrogen-rich ion salts of 1-hydroxytetrazole-5-hydrazide: a new series of energetic compounds that combine good stability and high energy performance

Abstract

High-efficiency explosives that combine high stability and excellent energy performance are one of the key directions of energetic materials research. In this study, a novel monocyclic hydroxytetrazole derivative (3) with...

Lithium-Promoted Formation of M-2AZTO-Li (M = N2H5+ or NH3OH+ and AZTO = Anion of 1-Hydroxytetrazole-5-hydrazide)-Type “Quaternary” Complexes with Nitrogen-Rich Characteristics: Construction of Novel Insensitive Energetic Materials

“…This contributes to molecular structural diversity among the salts and complexes formed by AZTO . The crystal density of 4 (1.73 g cm –3 ) at 296 K is slightly higher than that of the hydrazine salt . For the alkali metal complexes, significant differences were noted in the formation of coordination bonds between Li + , Na + , K + , and AZTO, yielding 5 , 6 , and 7 with varying crystalline dimensions.…”

“…The aforementioned series of compounds were synthesized as shown in Scheme 1. Compounds HAZTO and 3 were isolated with ease using the methods described in a previous study, 29 and considerable yields of 2 were obtained by reacting HAZTO or 3 with an aqueous solution of silver nitrate.…”

“…Based on crystallographic data and our published research results, 29 the existence of two different molecular conformations of AZTO was identified. Note that in this study, the AZTO structures of 4 (Figure 3A) and 7 (Figure 3D) have the same configuration (the two oxygen atoms of hydrazide and hydroxyl are not on the same side), and those of 5 (Figure 3B) and 6 (Figure 3C) have a different configuration (the two oxygen atoms of the hydrazide and the hydroxyl are on the same side).…”

“…Among several lithium-based complexes, LiN In a previous study, we discovered that the abundant hydrogen bonding network provided by the hydrazide group in 1-hydroxytetrazole-5-hydrazide (HAZTO) makes it denser and more stable than other hydroxytetrazole derivatives. 29 Moreover, the oxygen atoms on the hydroxyl and acyl hydrazide groups in the HAZTO structure are prone to generate coordination interactions with metal ions, whereas the NH n (n = 1 or 3) structure on the amide group forms hydrogen bonds (Figure 2). Based on the above structural characteristics of HAZTO, we designed and prepared a series of quaternary ECPs with the anion of HAZTO as the ligand (AZTO), and the crystal structures, stabilities, and energetic performance of these ECPs were investigated (Figure 1D).…”

“…In a previous study, we discovered that the abundant hydrogen bonding network provided by the hydrazide group in 1-hydroxytetrazole-5-hydrazide ( HAZTO ) makes it denser and more stable than other hydroxytetrazole derivatives . Moreover, the oxygen atoms on the hydroxyl and acyl hydrazide groups in the HAZTO structure are prone to generate coordination interactions with metal ions, whereas the NH n ( n = 1 or 3) structure on the amide group forms hydrogen bonds (Figure ).…”