Nitrogen Source Effects on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Irrigated No‐Till Corn

Halvorson, Ardell D.; Grosso, Stephen J. Del; Alluvione, Francesco

doi:10.2134/jeq2010.0041

Cited by 123 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Few studies have reported EI. The values in the current study are about one order of magnitude greater than reported for irrigated corn (0.03-0.07 kg N 2 O-N Mg -1 ) in Colorado by Halvorson et al (2010b) and conventional and no-till corn (0.05-0.10 kg N 2 O-N Mg -1 ) in Minnesota by Venterea et al (2011). Our EI values were less than reported for more humid climes with winter wheat (1.0-2.5 kg N 2 O-N Mg -1 ) receiving combinations of urea and farmyard manure in Shaanxi Province, China (Wei et al, 2010) and corn (1.3-2.0 kg N 2 O-N Mg -1 ) receiving urea-NH 4 NO 3 , calcium ammonium nitrate, and aqueous NH 3 in Quebec (Gagnon et al, 2011).…”

Section: Applied Nitrogen and Yield Scaled Nitrous Oxide Emissionscontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…The EFs were greater than those observed for surface placement with irrigated corn in Colorado, which ranged from 0.003 to 0.008, 0.002 to 0.004, and 0.001 to 0.003 kg N 2 O-N kg -1 N for urea, ESN, and SuperU, respectively (Halvorson et al, 2010b(Halvorson et al, , 2011. Only a conventionally tilled, continuous corn system had EFs similar to the current study, at 0.009 and 0.008 kg N 2 O-N kg -1 N for urea and ESN, but notill continuous corn and corn-dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and corn-barley rotations were less (<0.004 kg N 2 O-N kg -1 N) (Halvorson et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Applied Nitrogen and Yield Scaled Nitrous Oxide Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers such as controlled release and stabilized granular urea sometimes reduce N 2 O emissions on an area-scaled basis (kg N ha -1 ), depending on the formulation and cropping system (Akiyama et al, 2010). Polymer-coated controlled release products have successfully reduced N 2 O emissions from annual cropped land compared with conventional urea when placed on the soil surface (Halvorson et al, 2010a(Halvorson et al, , 2010b(Halvorson et al, , 2011Venterea et al, 2011) or below the surface (Halvorson et al, 2011;Hyatt et al, 2010). Surface placement of stabilized granular urea products containing the inhibitors NBPT and/or DCD have reduced N 2 O emissions from annual crop (Abalos et al, 2012;Ding et al, 2011;Halvorson et al, 2010aHalvorson et al, , 2010bHalvorson et al, , 2011Jiang et al, 2010) and pasture (Zaman et al, 2008) soils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Clay Soil Receiving Granular Urea Formulations and Dairy Manure

et al. 2014

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Soil N2O emissions vary with N source. A study was undertaken on a clay soil in the Red River Valley, Manitoba, Canada, to determine the effect of granular N fertilizers and dairy manure on N2O emissions from a field cropped to rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in 2009 and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 2010. Treatments included an unamended control, granular urea, controlled‐release urea (ESN), stabilized urea (SuperU), and solid dairy manure added at rates to achieve a total of 140 kg available N ha−1 (product plus soil N test). The N fertilizers were broadcast and shallowly incorporated each spring before planting; the manure was broadcast incorporated the previous fall. Nitrous oxide emissions were monitored from planting to freeze in fall and during spring thaw in 2011 using static‐vented chambers. In both years, N2O emissions occurred within 4 to 5 wk of planting but not in fall after manure application. Area‐scale cumulative N2O emissions (∑N2O, kg N ha−1) from planting to freeze were control < ESN = manure < urea = SuperU. Nitrous oxide emission factors were 0.017 kg N2O‐N kg−1 available N added for urea and SuperU and 0.007 kg N2O‐N kg−1 available N for ESN. Seventy‐eight percent of the variation in ∑N2O could be explained by NO3− intensity, an integration of soil NO3− concentrations during the study periods. Greater ∑N2O were also associated with higher yields. These findings suggest that N release rates, as indicated by NO3− intensity and yield, determined N2O emissions. The results highlight the challenge of meeting crop demand yet reducing N2O emissions by selection of an N source.

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Section: Applied Nitrogen and Yield Scaled Nitrous Oxide Emissionscontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Applied Nitrogen and Yield Scaled Nitrous Oxide Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Clay Soil Receiving Granular Urea Formulations and Dairy Manure

et al. 2014

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“…With higher crop biomass (i.e., due to good growing conditions), it is likely that plant-respired CO 2 levels overwhelmed the quantity of CO 2 emitted from soil, and thereby reduced the magnitude of the impact of N fertilization on CO 2 emissions. This may partly explain why N fertilization often has no impact under warmer climates such as found in the US corn belt (Halvorson et al 2010;Venterea et al 2010;Sistani et al 2011;Halvorson and Del Grosso 2012). This increased contribution of plantderived CO 2 to total soil respiration could be the result of a greater autotrophic respiration and (or) of a lower soil N concentration due to greater N uptake.…”

Section: Soil Respiration Vs N Source and Rate Under Field Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For their part, Ding et al (2007) reported an 18% decrease using urea during the corn elongation stage. Applying either other different sources of N (anhydrous NH 3 , liquid urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), or ammonium nitrate) was found to have little impact on CO 2 emissions (Halvorson et al 2010;Venterea et al 2010;Sistani et al 2011;Halvorson and Del Grosso 2012), whereas by contrast certain studies observed a decrease in CO 2 emissions with ammonium nitrate Wilson and Al-Kaisi 2008). In a 45 d incubation, Ramirez et al (2010) reported that N fertilizer addition under different forms (NH 4 NO 3 , KNO 3 , NH 4 Cl, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ) all decreased microbial CO 2 production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil-surface carbon dioxide emission following nitrogen fertilization in corn

et al. 2016

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Improvement in use efficiency of N fertilizers can potentially better sustain agriculture by reducing N 2 O emissions from soils, but little is known about its impact on soil CO 2 emissions. A study, involving both a field experiment and a laboratory incubation, was conducted in eastern Canada to determine the N fertilization effect on soil CO 2 emissions. In laboratory, we incubated nine different types of soil with and without 150 kg N ha −1 as KNO 3 or (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . The N-fertilized soils had lower CO 2 emissions compared with the no-N control soils for six of them. Among fertilizer sources, emissions of CO 2 were on average 22% lower with KNO 3 than with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . The field experiment conducted on a clay soil included three sources of N (urea-NH 4 NO 3 , CaNH 4 NO 3 , and aqua NH 3 ) at 0-200 kg N ha −1 band-incorporated at the six-leaf corn stage. Under field conditions, most CO 2 was emitted between N application and grain maturity with cumulative seasonal soil emissions greater in the control (4.9 Mg C ha −1 ) than in the N treatments (average of 4.0 ± 0.3 Mg C ha −1 ). Evidence suggested that both heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration seemed affected, whereas the NO 3 -based source had a more depressing effect on CO 2 emissions than did the NH 4 source.Key words: ammonium-N fertilizer, carbon dioxide emission, corn, nitrate-N fertilizer, soil respiration.Résumé : Rehausser l'efficacité des engrais azotés pourrait profiter à l'agriculture par une réduction du N 2 O libéré du sol, mais on sait peu de choses au sujet des répercussions d'une telle bonification sur les émissions de CO 2 . Les auteurs ont réalisé une étude dans l'est du Canada incluant une expérience sur le terrain et une incubation en laboratoire en vue de préciser les conséquences de l'usage de tels engrais sur les dégagements de CO 2 par le sol. Au laboratoire, ils ont incubé neuf types de sol avec et sans addition de 150 kg N ha −1 sous forme de KNO 3 ou de (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . Les sols amendés avec l'engrais N libéraient moins de CO 2 que les sols témoins non bonifiés, dans six cas. Quand on compare les engrais, on constate que les émissions de CO 2 sont en moyenne 22 % plus faibles avec le KNO 3 qu'avec le (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . L'expérience réalisée sur le terrain consistait en l'incorporation en bande de 0 à 200 kg de N ha −1 de trois sources de N (urée-NH 4 NO 3 , CaNH 4 NO 3 et NH 3 liquide) à un sol argileux, au stade six feuilles du maïs. Dans les conditions ambiantes, la majeure partie du CO 2 a été émise entre l'application du N et la maturation du grain, les émissions saisonnières cumulatives étant plus grandes pour la parcelle témoin (4,9 Mg C ha ). Ces résultats suggèrent que les amendements affectent à la fois la respiration hétérotrophe et autotrophe, et que les engrais à base de NO 3 réduisent plus les émissions de CO 2 que les engrais à base de NH4. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : engrais N-ammonium, émissions de dioxyde de carbone, maïs, engrais N-nitrate, respiration du sol.

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Carinata growth, yield, and chemical composition responses to nitrogen fertilizer management

et al. 2020

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Production of carinata (Brassica carinata A. Braun) as a winter crop in the Southeast United States presents a unique opportunity for growers to produce significant amounts of biofuel feedstock to meet domestic energy needs. Field experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of N application rates (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg N ha −1) and split management (single, two-way split, or three-way split of 90 kg N ha −1 applied at planting, bolting, and flowering) on carinata growth, yield, and chemical composition. In Study 1, plant height, mainstem node numbers, primary and secondary branches, pod length, pods numbers, and seeds per pod increased quadratically with N application rate. Averaged over the 5 yr, seed yield response to N application rate was quadratic and ranged from 1,245 kg ha −1 with 0 kg N ha −1 to 2,444 kg ha −1 with 117 kg N ha −1. The economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) occurred at 103 kg N ha-1 , which produced 2,427 kg seed ha −1 representing a US$386 ha −1 profit margin. Except for protein, N application rate did not have an effect on glucosinolates and fatty acid composition. In Study 2, a split application of N had variable effects on carinata growth; however, seed yield did not vary with split management or timing of N averaging 3,905 kg ha −1. Split management and N source did not have an effect on seed chemical composition. These results suggest that carinata grown at the EONR of 103 kg N ha −1 can maximize seed and oil production in the Southeast.

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Nitrogen Source Effects on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Irrigated No‐Till Corn

Cited by 123 publications

References 20 publications

Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Clay Soil Receiving Granular Urea Formulations and Dairy Manure

Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Clay Soil Receiving Granular Urea Formulations and Dairy Manure

Soil-surface carbon dioxide emission following nitrogen fertilization in corn

Carinata growth, yield, and chemical composition responses to nitrogen fertilizer management

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