Nitrogen turnover on organic and conventional mixed farms

Halberg, Niels; Kristensen, Erik; Kristensen, Ib Sillebak

doi:10.1007/bf02286400

Cited by 83 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Therefore, we find that these are conservative estimates and it seems therefore reasonable to use these estimates to assess differences in the emissions also. The findings were in agreement with studies on Danish pilot farms (Halberg et al, 1995;Halberg, 1999;Nielsen and Kristensen, 2005).…”

Section: Methodology: Establishment Of Farm Typessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For each of the 31 farm types, N and P balances were established at farm gate level, herd level and field level following the procedures of Halberg et al (1995) and Kristensen et al (2005a). The N input to the farm types included: feed concentrates, straw, artificial fertilizer, manure, deposition, biological N fixation (BNF) and living animals.…”

Section: Modelling Farm Nutrient Balances and Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling representative and coherent Danish farm types based on farm accountancy data for use in environmental assessments

Dalgaard

Halberg²,

Kristensen³

et al. 2006

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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There is a need for valid and representative data on the production, resource use and emissions from different farm types in Denmark for public regulation and assessment. The data should be usable for both area-based environmental assessment (e.g. nitrate leaching per ha) and product-oriented environmental assessment (e.g. greenhouse gas emissions per kg pork). The objective of this study was to establish a national agricultural model for estimating data on resource use, production and environmentally important emissions for a set of representative farm types.Every year a sample of farm accounts is established in order to report Danish agro-economical data to the 'Farm Accountancy Data Network' (FADN), and to produce 'The annual Danish account statistics for agriculture'. The farm accounts are selected and weighted to be representative for the Danish agricultural sector, and similar samples of farm accounts are collected in most of the European countries. Based on a sample of 2138 farm accounts from year 1999 a national agricultural model, consisting of 31 farm types, was constructed. The farm accounts were grouped according to the major soil types, the number of working hours, the most important enterprise (dairy, pig, different cash crops), livestock density, etc. For each group the farm account data on the average resource use, products sold, land use and herd structure were used to establish a farm type with coherency between livestock production, feed use, land use, yields, imported feed, homegrown feed, manure production, fertilizer use and crop production. The set of farm types was scaled up to national level thus representing the whole Danish agricultural sector and the resulting production, resource use and land use was checked against the national statistics. Nutrient balance methodology and state-of-the-art emission models and factors were used to establish the emissions of nitrate, phosphate, ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane and fossil carbon dioxide from each farm type. In this paper data on resource uses and emissions from selected farm types are presented and it is demonstrated that this approach can lead to an agro-environmental inventory, which is consistent with national level estimates and still has the advantage of being disaggregated to specific farm types. Conventional dairy farm types in general emitted more nitrate but less phosphate compared with pig farm types. The methane emission was higher from dairy farm types compared with all other farm types. In general the conventional dairy farms emitted more nitrate, ammonia, and nitrous oxide, compared with organic dairy farms. #

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Section: Methodology: Establishment Of Farm Typessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Modelling Farm Nutrient Balances and Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling representative and coherent Danish farm types based on farm accountancy data for use in environmental assessments

Dalgaard

Halberg²,

Kristensen³

et al. 2006

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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“…Calculations demonstrate that the systemic effect of organic agriculture in both cattle and pig production has great implication on the nutrient balance and the balance-surplus in relation to the product (Haas, 1995;Halberg et al, 1995;Martinson, 1998;Sundrum & Trangolao, 2000). There is reason for the assumption that the benefit of the system-related approach on minimising pollution are much more effective as compared to management-related factors, such as increasing animal performance per animal per year.…”

Section: Prevention Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Livestock Production

Sundrum

2014

Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems

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“…In contrast, in Germany, both Finckh et al [116] and Möller et al [117] found that NUE can be improved under low input or organic potato production systems, possibly linked to improved crop light use efficiency when N is limiting. Halberg [110] and Halberg et al [118] found significantly higher NUE in organic versus conventional dairy farms and lower N surplus per hectare. Askegaard et al [31] and Halberg [110] demonstrated a high NUE from supplemental spring applied manure (when applied at a moderate rate of 70 kg N/ha) with no added N leaching.…”

Section: Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impacts of organic agriculture in temperate regions.

Lynch

Halberg²,

Bhatta³

et al. 2012

CABI Reviews

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Can organic agriculture elaborate a scientifically based, resource-efficient and agroecological approach to low-input farm management? This review examines the literature from temperate regions, with a particular emphasis on Canadian and US studies that relate to environmental and ecological impacts of organic agriculture with respect to (i) soil organic matter storage, (ii) soil quality/soil health, (iii) nutrient loading and risks of off-farm nutrient and agrochemical losses, (iv) biodiversity and (v) energy use and global warming potential. The context and implications of semi-arid conditions and low soil P levels, common to many organic farms in North America, and widespread adoption of genetically engineered crops in conventional production, is also considered. The consensus of the data available to date indicates the distinctiveness of cropping, floral and habitat diversity, soil management regime, nutrient intensity and use efficiency, and energy, and pesticide use in organic farming confer important environmental and ecological benefits. These include maintenance of soil organic matter and added return of carbon to soil, improved soil health, reduced off-farm nitrogen and phosphorus losses, enhanced vegetative and wildlife (bird) biological diversity, extended sometimes to other taxa depending on landscape context, improved support for pollinators and pollination and reduced energy use and improved energy efficiency. The continued evolution of organic agriculture to a more outcomes-based, agroecological production system will require an expanded multi-disciplinary research effort, linked ideally to support from consumers and policy-makers on the basis of renewed understanding of its potential contribution to global environmental sustainability.

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Nitrogen turnover on organic and conventional mixed farms

Abstract: Separate focus on crop fertilization or feeding practices inadequately describes nitrogen (N) loss from mixed dairy farms because of (1) interaction between animal and crop production and between the production system and the manager, and (2)

Cited by 83 publications

References 14 publications

Modelling representative and coherent Danish farm types based on farm accountancy data for use in environmental assessments

Modelling representative and coherent Danish farm types based on farm accountancy data for use in environmental assessments

Organic Livestock Production

Environmental impacts of organic agriculture in temperate regions.

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