Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cacao Genotypes

Ribeiro, Miguel A. Q.; Silva, J. O. da; Aitken, W.M.; Machado, Rubens E. G.; Baligar, V. C.

doi:10.1080/01904160701853720

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Results report that the use efficiency figures the nutritional efficiency index which shows greater variability between individuals of the same species; for example wheat genotypes exhibit wide variability in the efficiency of internal P utilization and consequent variation in biomass production (Fageria and Baligar, 1999). Similar results were also found for the efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cocoa plants (Ribeiro et al, 2008).…”

Section: Concepts Of Nutritional Efficiencysupporting

confidence: 54%

The nutritional efficiency of Coffea spp. A review

Martins¹,

Lindomar²,

Marcelo³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Reduced soil fertility has been surpassed by the supply of mineral nutrients, which results in increased rates of plant production and costs. In this context, the optimization of plants' nutritional efficiency is critical to increase productivity and reduce the cost of agricultural production systems. The nutritional efficiency of plants is conditioned by numerous factors and the growing environment. Therefore, the knowledge of genetic basis and mode of inheritance can assist in selecting genotypes with desirable agronomic characteristics coupled with nutritional efficiency and genetic variability. The trend of expanding agricultural frontiers has increased interest in the use of genotypes with the potential to adapt to adverse conditions of soil fertility. Within crops, the coffee beans are the second most traded commodity in the world. In this sense, optimization of nutritional efficiency of the coffee has a positive impact on the sum of efforts to make sustainable activity. This review aimed to present a systematic analysis of the nutritional efficiency of the coffee.

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Section: Concepts Of Nutritional Efficiencysupporting

confidence: 54%

The nutritional efficiency of Coffea spp. A review

Martins¹,

Lindomar²,

Marcelo³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…In their studies to investigate the effects of earthworms on N cycling processes and microbial activity, Bolhen and Edwards (1995) indicate that living organisms increased the amounts of extractable N by feeding on the microbial biomass, and increasing the turnover and mineralization of microbial tissues. Indeed, Ribeiro et al (2008) showed that in certain cocoa genotypes, increasing levels of applied N improved growth (stem girth, dry weight of shoot and roots and shoot/root ratio), and concentration and uptake of N. The results obtained on the relation between the position of stem and stems conversion are reported earlier. The position of stem on the branch used for producing the plant has an influence on its survival rate and showed that softwood section was easily rooted than other section.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Comparative effects of plant growth promoters and earthworms (Millsonia anomala) on rooting of cocoa orthotropic cuttings

Tapi¹,

SangarÃ²,

Mboup³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Propagation of cocoa trees with high yield and disease resistance is envisioned for the renewal of the cocoa orchard. The dissemination of these elite varieties by orthotropic cuttings is strongly recommended to achieve quantitative and qualitative objectives. Some experiments reported that some Theobroma cacao clones produced by orthotropic cuttings do not root easily and the rate is very low, around 30 to 50% results. In this work, the impact of earthworms and chemical hormonal growth promoters on cocoa cuttings acclimatization were studied to increase the survival rate of cocoa stems during acclimatization step. The presence of earthworms identified as Millsonia anomala in acclimatization substrates allowed to convert more than 65% of stems into plantlets and exceeds 83% when the section of stems was a softwood part of branch. In the same profile, growth promoters as chemical hormonal solutions, regularly used in the process, are converting around 49.5% of stems into plantlets. In this study, a variability on the presence of taproots number across various parts of the branch were shown. Indeed, 69.2% of stems from hardwood, 64.3% stems from semi-hardwood and 56.4% of stems from softwood have developed at least two main roots. Indeed, this fact corroborates the capacity of these trees to able supporting the probable weight of cocoa pods and resists on wind which could appear on areas with bad weather.

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“…For example, in Brazil, trials have shown that clones or hybrids do not respond similarly to phosphate fertilizer, mainly because clones were planted without tap root (Pacheco et al 2005 ;Rosand and Mariano 1998 ). Similarly, different responses to N and P by different varieties were also observed in Ghana and Brazil (Ribeiro et al 2008 ).…”

Section: Soil Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Table 4.1 shows a synthesis of the information given in the literature. Locally, the thresholds might be slightly different because of the infl uence of local conditions and cacao genotypes (Ribeiro et al 2008 ;Rosand and Mariano 1998 ;Schroth et al 2001 ;Snoeck and Jadin 1992 ;Obiri et al 2007 ).…”

Section: Methods Based On Soil Nutrient Thresholds and Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cacao Nutrition and Fertilization

Snoeck

Koko

Joffre³

et al. 2016

Sustainable Agriculture Reviews

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Cocoa is globally the third agricultural commodity traded in terms of value. The cocoa world production is relatively stable since 2010, amounting to around 4.5 million tonnes. Eight countries account for 90 % of the cocoa production, of which four West African countries. Under traditional cultivation practices, cocoa yields are poor with an average of ten fruits per cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.), even though it has a potential to yield more than 100 fruits. As for most tree crops, the yields are depending on many factors, of which the more important are planting material, climate, cultural practices, and soil. Cacao is cultivated on many types of soil, and in various conditions, from agroforestry systems to full sun. Soil degradation and low soil fertility are among the main causes of low cocoa productivity. However, despite this inherent low fertility, most of the cocoa farmers do not use fertilizer because they are not well informed of the agricultural and fertilizers issues.Here we fi rst review why fertilizers are used and how to optimize their effects, particularly farming practices and soil fertility management in full sun or shaded plantations. Secondly, we describe soil diagnosis and the foliar diagnosis, the two complementary approaches that were developed to assess the nutritional needs of cacao. The soil diagnosis provides a means to improve soil nutrient availabilities, while foliar diagnosis provides information on the cacao health. Third, we review the methods used to design fertilizer formulae and doses, and how they are calculated. Fertilizer inputs and mode of application are determined from the local conditions and farming practices. Finally, we review the effects of nutrients on the characteristics of the cocoa tree and cacao product. Finally, some current issues are discussed, such as the use of advising a single formula for a whole region or country and how to develop adoption of fertilizer by cocoa farmers.

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Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cacao Genotypes

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

The nutritional efficiency of Coffea spp. A review

The nutritional efficiency of Coffea spp. A review

Comparative effects of plant growth promoters and earthworms (Millsonia anomala) on rooting of cocoa orthotropic cuttings

Cacao Nutrition and Fertilization

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