Nitrogenous Fertilizer and Seasonal Production*

Cowling, D. W.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00321.x

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The overall efficiency of nitrogen use could therefore be markedly increased by avoiding application at times of the year when response is poor. In agreement with Cowling (1963) it is suggested that more effective use of a limited resource could be made by application for utilization of herbage during the active growing season between May and August.…”

Section: Response To Nitrogensupporting

confidence: 56%

“…yield may be improved by applying the fertilizer before each growth period (Wolton, Brockman & Shaw, 1971;Marsh et al 1976), although this may not necessarily provide an efficient use of a limited supply of nitrogen (Cowling, 1963). An experiment was made to assess the influence in combination of a wide range of fertilizer application rates and frequencies of defoliation on total herbage D.M.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of a wide range of fertilizer nitrogen application rates and defoliation intervals on the dry-matter production, seasonal response to nitrogen, persistence and aspects of chemical composition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perennecv. S.24)

Bartholomew¹,

Chestnutt²

1977

J. Agric. Sci.

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A small-plot experiment was made to assess the influence on dry-matter output from grass of a wide range of fertilizer nitrogen and defoliation interval treatments. There were five defoliation treatments, 22, 28, 45, 75 and 112-day regrowth intervals throughout the growing season each at six levels of nitrogen application, ranging by 300 kg increments from 0 to 1500 kg/ha/year.There was a marked interaction effect between treatments; a positive dry-matter response was maintained to a higher level of applied nitrogen with more frequent defoliation. In 2 years out of 3 maximum dry-matter yield was produced under a 75-day defoliation interval although the mean yield advantage over a 45-day defoliation system was only 11 %. Mean yield of digestible dry matter appeared to reach a maximum under a 45-day defoliation interval at 600 kg N/ha but at the lower levels of N the maximum yield was reached at the longest growth interval.Seasonal response to nitrogen under the 22-and 28-day defoliation systems measured as the increase in yield resulting from increased N at each cutting date reached its peak in July-August. Application for these short growth periods early and late in the growing season appeared to be a relatively inefficient use of nitrogen.The less frequently the sward was harvested and the higher the nitrogen application the greater was the reduction in ground cover as estimated by eye at the end of the growing season, this reached an estimated 25% reduction under 112-day defoliation at 300 kg N/ha/year.In relation to published figures nitrate content of herbage did not reach dangerous levels until nitrogen application reached levels beyond those at which maximum dry-matter yield was achieved.

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Section: Response To Nitrogensupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a wide range of fertilizer nitrogen application rates and defoliation intervals on the dry-matter production, seasonal response to nitrogen, persistence and aspects of chemical composition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perennecv. S.24)

Bartholomew¹,

Chestnutt²

1977

J. Agric. Sci.

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The Influence of Two Levels of Nitrogenous Fertilizing on the Long‐term Productivity of Leys

Baker

Chard

Gwynne³

1964

Grass and Forage Science

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Two levels of nitrogen application (70 and 180 lb per acre per annum) were compared on 6 long-duration leys. The treatments were repeated for periods of up to 4 years on tiie same swards. The higher N dressing produced 2230 Ib more dry matter per acre than the low rate, an increase of 28",,, and the yield was also more evenly spread throughout the season. There was virtually no clover on the high-N swards. The proportion of clover varied under low N but tended to increase as the season progressed. The sown grasses remained the dominant sward constituents throughout the experiment, and there was no sign of loss of vigour on the high-N swards. Utilized-starch-equivalent outputs were calculated from 3 different swards for 1956-8 and there was a significant positive correlation between the dry-matter yields and utilized-starch-equivalent output of swards.

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The Output of Swards on Commercial Farms in Relation to Fertilizer and Other Management Factors

Baker

1965

Grass and Forage Science

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Survey data collected during a grassland-recording investigation showed a strong positive correlation between nitrogen input and the output of utilized starch equivalent per acre. At the levels of output covered, sward type was not very important in relation to total yield. Herbage species were important for other reasons and the choice of seeds mixtures should be determined by factors such as earliness and lateness of growth and resistance to disease and drought. The survey showed that well-managed ley and permanent pasture are both capable of producing at a high level. A disturbing feature of the results was the low production of most spring resowings, primarily as a result of poor management. Although the records were obtained from an above-average group of farms, the results have general application. Potential responses to fertilizers may be even greater on less intensive farms, especially with regard to phosphate and potash. However, the level of production of a field will always depend finally on the level of management exercised by the farmer himself.

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Nitrogenous Fertilizer and Seasonal Production*

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

The effect of a wide range of fertilizer nitrogen application rates and defoliation intervals on the dry-matter production, seasonal response to nitrogen, persistence and aspects of chemical composition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perennecv. S.24)

The effect of a wide range of fertilizer nitrogen application rates and defoliation intervals on the dry-matter production, seasonal response to nitrogen, persistence and aspects of chemical composition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perennecv. S.24)

The Influence of Two Levels of Nitrogenous Fertilizing on the Long‐term Productivity of Leys

The Output of Swards on Commercial Farms in Relation to Fertilizer and Other Management Factors

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