Nitrogenous Indicators of Postharvest Ripening and Senescence in Apple Fruit (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Granny Smith)

Magné, Christian; Bonenfant-Magné, Michèle; Audran, Jean‐Claude

doi:10.1086/297494

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…E). The accumulation of isoleucine in the control apples is in agreement with previous reports (Magné et al , Defilippi et al , Sugimoto et al ). Valine accumulated significantly in the 1‐MCP treated but not in the control apples (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Metabolic profiling reveals ethylene mediated metabolic changes and a coordinated adaptive mechanism of ‘Jonagold’ apple to low oxygen stress

Bekele

Beshir

Hertog

et al. 2015

Physiologia Plantarum

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Apples are predominantly stored in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage to delay ripening and prolong their storage life. Profiling the dynamics of metabolic changes during ripening and CA storage is vital for understanding the governing molecular mechanism. In this study, the dynamics of the primary metabolism of 'Jonagold' apples during ripening in regular air (RA) storage and initiation of CA storage was profiled. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was exploited to block ethylene receptors and to get insight into ethylene mediated metabolic changes during ripening of the fruit and in response to hypoxic stress. Metabolic changes were quantified in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the Yang cycle and synthesis of the main amino acids branching from these metabolic pathways. Partial least square discriminant analysis of the metabolic profiles of 1-MCP treated and control apples revealed a metabolic divergence in ethylene, organic acid, sugar and amino acid metabolism. During RA storage at 18°C, most amino acids were higher in 1-MCP treated apples, whereas 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) was higher in the control apples. The initial response of the fruit to CA initiation was accompanied by an increase of alanine, succinate and glutamate, but a decline in aspartate. Furthermore, alanine and succinate accumulated to higher levels in control apples than 1-MCP treated apples. The observed metabolic changes in these interlinked metabolites may indicate a coordinated adaptive strategy to maximize energy production.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Metabolic profiling reveals ethylene mediated metabolic changes and a coordinated adaptive mechanism of ‘Jonagold’ apple to low oxygen stress

Bekele

Beshir

Hertog

et al. 2015

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Averaging across developmental stages, asparagine (45%), aspartate (16%), glutamate (23%), and serine (5%) were the major amino acids in 'Jonagold' fruit and accounted for more than 80% of the quantified 18 amino acids. These four amino acids were also found to predominate in the cultivars Court Royal, Morgan Sweet, Reine des Pommes, Kingston Black, Yarlington Milll, and Dabinett (Burroughs, 1957); Collaos, Meana, Picona Rayada, and Raxao (Blanco Gomis et al, 1992); Granny Smith (Magné et al, 1997); and Glockenapfel (Ackermann Fig. 5.…”

Section: Maturationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Changes in Free Amino Acid Content in ‘Jonagold’ Apple Fruit as Related to Branched-chain Ester Production, Ripening, and Senescence

Sugimoto¹,

Beaudry²

2011

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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The relationship among the free amino acid content, the expression of genes related to branched-chain amino acid metabolism {branched-chain aminotransferase [BCAT], α-keto acid decarboxylase [pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC)], and threonine deaminase [TD]}, and the production of branched-chain (BC) esters during ripening and senescence in ‘Jonagold’ apple fruit (Malus ×domestica) was studied. Eighteen amino acids were measured by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The content for all amino acids changed with developmental stage and some shared similar patterns of accumulation/diminution. The pattern for isoleucine differed from all other amino acids, increasing more than 20-fold during the ripening process. The onset of the increase was concomitant with the onset of increasing ethylene and BC ester production and the content remained elevated even during senescence. The elevated isoleucine levels are consistent with an increase in the flux through the pathway leading to the formation and degradation of the isoleucine precursor α-keto-β-methylvalerate, which is used for production of BC esters containing 2-methylbutanol and 2-methylbutanoate moieties. Unexpectedly, the content of threonine, the amino acid from which isoleucine is thought to be derived in plants, did not change in concert with isoleucine, but rather declined somewhat after ripening was well underway. Patterns in the expression of some, but not all, of the putative BCAT and PDC genes appeared to reflect the rise and fall in ester formation; however, the expression of putative TD genes did not change during ripening. The patterns in gene expression and amino acid content are interpreted to suggest that the synthesis of α-keto-β-methylvalerate and isoleucine during apple ripening may depend on an as yet uncharacterized pathway that bypasses threonine, similar to the citramalate pathway found in some bacteria.

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“…39 The profiles and content of major amino acids respond differently to storage temperature and apple tissue. 41 In addition, glutamate was increased in cold-stored 'Granny Smith' apple cortex tissues relative to other amino acids and the level in peel tissue. 41 Aspartate was found to be closely correlated with pentanal and putrescine, and GABA was correlated with raffinose and sorbitol in coldstored peach fruit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…41 In addition, glutamate was increased in cold-stored 'Granny Smith' apple cortex tissues relative to other amino acids and the level in peel tissue. 41 Aspartate was found to be closely correlated with pentanal and putrescine, and GABA was correlated with raffinose and sorbitol in coldstored peach fruit. Glutamate is strongly correlated with fumaric acid, whereas ⊎-alanine is correlated with gluconic acid, glyceric acid, and fructose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Amino acids responded differentially to either shelf life after 1‐week cold storage or to different 5‐week cold storage regimes in ‘Jonagold’ apples . The profiles and content of major amino acids respond differently to storage temperature and apple tissue . In addition, glutamate was increased in cold‐stored ‘Granny Smith’ apple cortex tissues relative to other amino acids and the level in peel tissue .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fruit quality and major metabolites in cold‐stored ‘Wonhwang’ Asian pears are differentially affected by fruit size

Lwin

Lee

2020

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND: The size of 'Wonhwang' Asian pear fruit may affect fruit quality and physiological disorders differentially during distribution. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of fruit size on fruit physiological attributes and metabolic responses in terms of soluble carbohydrates and free amino acids in different-sized 'Wonhwang' Asian pears during cold storage and shelf life. RESULTS: The rate of weight loss and the severity of fruit shriveling were higher in small fruit than in large fruit, while the severity of decay was lower during shelf life. Lightness and chroma values were lower in the cortex and core tissues of large fruit than small fruit, but hue angle values were higher in large fruit compared to small fruit. Glucose and fructose were higher in large fruit than in small fruit but sucrose and sorbitol were lower during shelf life after cold storage. The levels of most free amino acids were higher in large fruit than in small fruit, and only γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level was lower in large fruit. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that fruit physiological and metabolic responses are differentially affected by fruit size during cold storage and shelf life.

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Nitrogenous Indicators of Postharvest Ripening and Senescence in Apple Fruit (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Granny Smith)

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Metabolic profiling reveals ethylene mediated metabolic changes and a coordinated adaptive mechanism of ‘Jonagold’ apple to low oxygen stress

Metabolic profiling reveals ethylene mediated metabolic changes and a coordinated adaptive mechanism of ‘Jonagold’ apple to low oxygen stress

Changes in Free Amino Acid Content in ‘Jonagold’ Apple Fruit as Related to Branched-chain Ester Production, Ripening, and Senescence

Fruit quality and major metabolites in cold‐stored ‘Wonhwang’ Asian pears are differentially affected by fruit size

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