Nitrotyrosine as a biomarker: recovery of histopathological atherogenic lesions in rats treated with ascorbic acid

Abstract

Aims: To value the antioxidant effect of vitamin C on atherogenesis induced by oxidative stress, using nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase and nitrotyrosine as biomarkers.Main methods: Wistar rats were used: (A) Control; (B) Proinflammatory Induction for 30 days, (C) Proinflammatory Induction for 30 days+Vitamin C, (D) Proinflammatory Induction for 60 days and (E) Proinflammatory Induction for 60 days+Vitamin C. Proinflammatory Induction with adrenaline (0.1 mg/day/rat). Vitamin C (2,14 mg/day/rat) administered 20 days in (C) and 50 days in (E). Nitric oxide (NO) (µM) and superoxide dismutase(U/ml) were estimated employing spectrophotometry, nitrotyrosine (nM) employing Elisa and histopathological sections were analyzed by optical microscopy. ANOVA was used for quantitative variables and square Chi was used for categorical variables, significance p<0.05 was stablished in all cases. Key findings: In groups (B) (12.23±1.14) and (D) (17.84±1.7) NO decreased compared with (A) (22.46±1.24) (p<0.001, p<0.01). NO normalization was found in (E) (21.78±1.9). Superoxide dismutase showed significantly increased in (B) (159.33±5.56) and (D) (241±5.6) compared to (A) (128.7±5) (p<0.01, p<0.001). Similar augment showed groups (C) (185.12±6.3) and (E) (298.75±3.17) compared with (A) (p<0.01, p<0.001). Nitrotyrosine was increased in (B) (5.03±0.1) and (D)(5.31±0.12) according to proinflammatory induction and decreased in (C) (2.28±0.32) when compared with (B) (p<0.001). Similar response showed (E) (0.73±0.4) compared with (D) (p<0.001). In groups (B) and (D) showed endothelial denudation, intimal thickening and vascular layers disorganization. Group (E) showed a reversal of the lesions described.Significance: nitrotyrosine is a useful marker of peroxynitrite production and oxidative damage to endothelial cells. Vitamin C reversed the oxidative stress but did not reverse the atherogenic lesions in endothelial.

The influence of subchronic co-application of vitamins B6 and folic acid on cardiac oxidative stress and biochemical markers in monocrotaline-induced heart failure in male Wistar albino rats

“…The formation of nitrotyrosine represents a specific peroxynitrite-mediated protein modification and is considered as a biomarker for endogenous peroxynitrite activity. Our results correlated with the results of Baez et al (2018). It is tempting to speculate that the contributing factor to enhanced oxidative stress after co-application was the decreased activity of SOD.…”

“…Schreckenberg et al (2015) found that the RV is exposed to higher oxidative stress damage as detected by dihydroethidium staining for superoxide and measurements of peroxynitrite. The quantification of nitrotyrosine indirectly demonstrates the production of peroxynitrite and oxidative damage in endothelial cells (Baez et al 2018). There were differential superoxide levels between the two ventricles that may be caused by varied expression of manganese SOD.…”

Chemical modification of pro-inflammatory proteins by peroxynitrite increases activation of TLR4 and NF-κB: Implications for the health effects of air pollution and oxidative stress

“…It can react with amino acids like tyrosine, leading to the formation of nitrotyrosine, dityrosine, and protein oligomers [ [6] , [7] , [8] ]. Nitrotyrosine and dityrosine are known as markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, which can influence the chemical and physiological properties of proteins [ [9] , [10] , [11] ]. For example, nitration can change the binding of proteins to certain receptors and thus modulate downstream signaling cascades [ 7 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Oligomerization and tyrosine nitration enhance the allergenic potential of the birch and grass pollen allergens Bet v 1 and Phl p 5

“…These modifications affect protein structure and function and are associated with various diseases (1)(2)(3). They serve as biomarkers of oxidative damage in proteins, providing insight into the role of oxidative stress in disease development and progression (4)(5)(6). These tyrosine modifications also play a crucial role in altering the immune responses to allergens and may contribute to the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases and their association with traffic-related air pollution (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12).…”