Nizu Chushin no Fukushi Shakai e--Tojisha Shuken no Jisedai Fukushi Senryaku (Towards a Needs-Based Welfare Society--Next Generation Individual Autonomy Welfare Strategies)

Park, HeeSook; Yonezawa, Akira

doi:10.1093/ssjj/jyq020

Cited by 2 publications

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“…In his seminal study of Japanese campaigning, Curtis (1971) was one of the first to point to the restrictive character of the election law in explaining Japanese campaign styles, and it may well be because of this explanation that the question of why Japanese election campaigning often seems (and possibly is) ineffective has hardly been pursued any further. Later studies that dealt with electoral campaigning hardly examined the question of micro-level effectiveness but focused on structural adaptation of support organizations (Isao, 1998; Ōtake, 1998; Köllner, 2003), personal cooperation at the district level (Park, 1998, 2000), party cooperation (Christensen, 2000; Johnson, 2000), or the macro-level impact of the new rules that came alongside electoral reform in 1993/94 and made elections more issue-oriented and party-centered (Christensen, 1994; Reed, 1995; Reed and Thies, 2001; Saitō, 1995; Wada, 1996; Yasuoka, 1996; Katō, 1997, 2003; Fukui and Fukai, 1999; McKean and Scheiner, 2000; Krauss and Pekkanen, 2004; Horiuchi, 2005). One exception has been the research of Dabney (2008) who conducted a longitudinal study of campaign strategy change.…”

Section: The Puzzle Of Ineffectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Puzzle of Ineffective Election Campaigning in Japan

Klein¹

2011

Japanese Journal of Political Science

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In Japan, electoral campaigning in plurality districts often appears strangely ineffective to observers. In their explanations, political scientists have so far fallen back on the proximate cause, namely the strict Public Office Election Law (Kōshoku senkyo-hō), claiming that it is this law that prohibits different and more effective campaigning. This study, however, is based on the assumption that such an explanation could be insufficient since even those campaign tactics legally allowed are often executed and/or selected in an apparently ineffective way in terms of their appeal to voters. Especially when looked at from the perspective of structural learning theory, which assumes that actors adapt their behavior within stable structures by learning what works well and what does not, these observations invite further investigation.As a first step, participant observation was used to identify types of apparently ineffective campaigning. In the second step, these types were discussed in qualitative interviews with candidates and other practitioners. The results show that next to appealing to voters there are other campaign goals that can determine the choice of electoral instruments: motivating campaign staffers, maintaining good working relationships with external helpers, presenting political convictions and personal determination. This explains part of the assumed ineffectiveness, but not all of it. When seen through the lens of structural learning theory research findings suggest that the lack of clear feedback regarding the impact of campaign activities on voters inhibits the learning processes of candidates. In combination with constraints regarding time, place and/or resources, these factors shape election campaigning to a considerable degree. Consequently, this study suggests that explanations need to take more factors into account than just the Public Office Election Law in order to solve the puzzle of ineffective campaigning in Japan.

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Section: The Puzzle Of Ineffectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Puzzle of Ineffective Election Campaigning in Japan

Klein¹

2011

Japanese Journal of Political Science

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Firm-Driven Management of Longevity Risk: Analysis of Lump-Sum Forward Payments in Japanese Nursing Homes

Sugawara

2016

SSRN Journal

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This paper analyzes a system of insuring longevity risk in Japan using a lump-sum forward payment of rent. The system is unique to the Japanese private nursing home market and forces homes to cover most of the longevity risk of residents. To consider the impact of this system, this study conducts a prediction analysis of a counterfactual situation in which the system is eliminated, based on a structural model for the industrial organization of the private nursing home market. For the prediction analysis, a flexible technique is proposed using a nonparametric Bayesian approach. The results indicate there is an excess consumer payment under the current system, for which the consumer can only be compensated if he or she lives for an unrealistically long time in a nursing home. This result provides rich implications for the amount of longevity risk nursing homes assume, as well as possible consumer welfare to be gained from a government intervention to change the situation.

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Nizu Chushin no Fukushi Shakai e--Tojisha Shuken no Jisedai Fukushi Senryaku (Towards a Needs-Based Welfare Society--Next Generation Individual Autonomy Welfare Strategies)

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

The Puzzle of Ineffective Election Campaigning in Japan

The Puzzle of Ineffective Election Campaigning in Japan

Firm-Driven Management of Longevity Risk: Analysis of Lump-Sum Forward Payments in Japanese Nursing Homes

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