NLRP3 İnflamazom Aktivasyon ve Düzenleme Mekanizmalarına Genel Bir Bakış

Abstract

The innate immune system is vital in host defense against pathogens entering the body. The NLRP3 (NACHT-, LRRand Pyrin Domain Containing 3) inflammasome, a component of the innate immune system, is a multimeric protein complex. Inflammasome activation is a process that starts and improves differently from classical inflammatory responses. In order to induce inflammasome activation, there must be a danger signal such as DAMP (Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern) or PAMP (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern) detected. In response to these stimuli, caspase-1 is activated. This in turn leads to cleavage and maturation of potent pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β (interleukin-1β) and IL-18 (interleukin-18) by mature caspase-1. Thus, inflammatory responses mediated by IL-1β and IL-18 are activated. Although NLPR3 activation is an important immune response, its overactivation can cause inflammatory disorders and cell death. For this reason, regulation and inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a promising treatment approach for these autoinflammatory diseases. In this review presents the current understanding of the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, as well as recent advances in the non-canonical and alternative inflammasome pathways.